【作者】 钟婷； 孙霁寒； 苗苗； 孙桂菊；

【Author】 Zhong Ting;Sun Jihan;Miao Miao;Sun Guiju;School of Public Health, Southeast University;Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University;

【机构】 东南大学公共卫生学院； 南京中医药大学营养与食品卫生系； 南京市妇幼保健院；

【摘要】 益生菌作为可定植于肠道的活性微生物,当摄入充足数量时可赋予宿主健康益处。本文系统综述其在婴幼儿免疫调节与胃肠功能中的作用机制及临床证据。研究表明,特定菌株如副干酪乳杆菌GM-080/CBA L74可通过调节血清IgE水平显著改善特应性皮炎严重程度,而双歧杆菌OLB6378则能提升早产儿血清IgG浓度以增强抗感染能力。在胃肠道健康领域,孕期益生菌干预可影响新生儿肠道菌群定植,鼠李糖乳杆菌GG等菌株联合母乳喂养可降低早产儿重症坏死性小肠结肠炎(Necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)发病率,罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938对婴儿肠绞痛亦显示缓解作用。然而,现有研究存在显著异质性,不同菌株对特定疾病的疗效差异突出,临床指南对NEC预防等适应症的推荐尚未统一,免疫功能低下个体的潜在感染风险亦需关注。未来研究需通过大样本随机对照试验建立菌株特异性干预方案,完善给药体系标准化建设,并加强高危人群安全性评估,以推动益生菌在婴幼儿健康管理中的精准应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Probiotics, as active microorganisms that can colonise the gut, can confer health benefits on the host when consumed in sufficient quantities. This paper presents a systematic review of the mechanisms and clinical evidence for their role in immunomodulation and gastrointestinal function in infants and children. Specific strains such as Lactobacillus paracasei GM-080/CBA L74 were shown to significantly improve atopic dermatitis severity by modulating serum IgE levels, while Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 elevated serum IgG concentrations in preterm infants to enhance resistance to infection. In the field of gastrointestinal health, probiotic interventions during pregnancy can influence the colonisation of the gut flora in newborns, and strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in combination with breastfeeding, can reduce the incidence of severe necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants, while Lactobacillus Royale DSM 17938 has shown a palliative effect on infantile colic. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the available studies, with differences in the efficacy of different strains for specific diseases, and clinical guidelines have not yet been harmonised to recommend indications such as NEC prophylaxis, and the potential risk of infection in immunocompromised individuals needs to be addressed. Future studies need to establish strain-specific intervention protocols through large-sample randomised controlled trials, improve the standardisation of the drug delivery system, and strengthen the safety assessment of high-risk populations, in order to promote the precise application of probiotics in infant and child health management.更多还原