【作者】 安彦东； 张梦璇； 马向真；

【Author】 Yandong An;Mengxuan Zhang;Xiangzhen Ma;Department of Medical Humanities,College of Humanities,Southeast University;

【机构】 东南大学人文学院医学人文系；

【摘要】 合作行为是指个体为实现共同目标而进行的社会活动。作为常见的利他性行为之一,它是评估个体亲社会倾向的的重要指标。进入青春期后,青少年自我意识不断增强并表现出一定的权力感。如何引导青少年权力感发展,促进其对合作行为的影响,成为教育和研究关注的话题之一。与此同时,青春期的另一个重要特征是重视他人对自己的看法,他人存在会影响青少年的合作行为。据此,本研究旨在探讨权力感(状态权力感和特质权力感)和他人存在对青少年合作行为的影响。研究采用被试间设计,实验一以137名中学生(女性71名)为被试,首先,被试扮演老板(高权力感)或雇员(低权力感)角色并通过阅读相关实验材料来启动其状态权力感,完成操作性检验后给被试呈现眼睛线索(他人存在)或花朵线索(无他人存在)图片来创造他人存在情境,最后被试完成公共物品博弈任务,在该任务中被试投资到公共账户的金额被用来评估其合作行为水平。实验二招募了138名中学生(女性62名),采用一般权力感量表测量被试的特质权力感,实验过程和变量测量方法同实验一。研究发现:(1)两种权力感处于较高水平的青少年,其合作行为水平较高;(2)当他人存在时,青少年会表现出更高水平的合作行为;(3)无论是特质权力感还是状态权力感,在他人存在时,高权力感被试表现出更高水平的合作行为;在无他人存在时,不同权力感被试的合作行为水平无显著差异。本研究丰富了青少年权力感的研究,特质权力感和状态权力感可以被视作促进个体亲社会倾向的积极品质。此外,将权力感和他人存在有效结合能更好的培养青少年的合作行为,本研究为青少年合作教育提供了实践指导。未来还应进一步探究该影响的作用机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cooperative behavior refers to social activities performed by individuals to achieve common goals. As one of the common altruistic behaviors, it is an important indicator for assessing an individual’s pro-social tendency. After entering adolescence, adolescents’ sense of self is increasing and shows a certain sense of power.How to guide the development of adolescents’ sense of power and promote its influence on cooperative behavior has become one of the topics of concern in education and research. At the same time, another important feature of adolescence is the importance of others’ perceptions of oneself, and the presence of others can affect adolescents’ cooperative behavior. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sense of power(state power and trait power) and presence of others on adolescents’ cooperative behavior. The study utilized a between-participants experimental design. In Experiment 1, 137 middle school students(71 females) was recruited as participants. First,participants played the roles of boss(high sense of power) or employee(low sense of power) and initiated their sense of state power by reading relevant experimental materials, and then after completing the operant test,participants were presented with pictures of either eye cues(presence of other people) or flower cues(absence of other people’s presence) to create the presence of other people context. Finally, the participants completed a public goods gaming task in which the amount of money participants invested into a public account was used to assess their level of cooperative behavior. Experiment 2 recruited 138 middle school students(62 females) and used the General Sense of Power Scale to measure the participants’ trait sense of power, and the experimental process and variable measurement methods were the same as in Experiment 1. It was found that(1) adolescents with both types of power senses at a higher level have higher levels of cooperative behavior;(2) adolescents show higher levels of cooperative behavior when others are present;(3) whether it is trait or state power sense, high power sense participants show higher levels of cooperative behavior when others are present; in the absence of others, the level of cooperative behavior of participants with different power senses has no significant differences. The present study enriches the research on adolescents’ sense of power in that trait and state sense of power can be viewed as positive qualities that promote individuals’ pro-social tendencies. In addition, the effective combination of sense of power and presence of others can better cultivate adolescents’ cooperative behaviors, and the present study provides practical guidance for adolescents’ cooperative education. The mechanism of the effect should be further explored in the future.更多还原