【作者】 孟素洁； 王伟军； 孔繁昌；

【Author】 Meng Sujie;Wang Weijun;Kong Fanchang;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior(CCNU),Ministry of Education;School of Psychology,Central China Normal University;Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province;

【机构】 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室； 华中师范大学心理学院； 湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室；

【摘要】 随着信息技术的快速发展,个体使用及参与媒体的方式逐渐发生改变。与以往人们通常只处理单一的媒体相比,越来越多的人倾向于进行媒体多任务。工作记忆作为人类认知活动的核心,主要负责对信息进行暂时存储和加工。在日常生活中,媒体多任务这一新兴媒体使用方式的流行可能会影响个体的工作记忆。然而,目前关于媒体多任务和工作记忆关系的研究仍存在一些局限。首先,以往研究大多没有对媒体多任务进行实验操纵;其次,目前关于考察二者关系的认知神经机制方面的研究还相对缺乏。为了弥补前人研究的不足,本研究将结合行为和认知神经证据,系统全面地探究媒体多任务类型对工作记忆的影响,主要开展以下两个研究:研究一通过启动范式操纵媒体多任务,采用N-back任务检验工作记忆,考察了同时(26名)和顺序媒体多任务组(24名)在不同认知负荷下的工作记忆差异。研究结果发现,在正确率和辨别力指数d’指标上,当认知负荷处于1-back水平时,同时组在工作记忆上的表现显著差于顺序组;处于2-back水平时,同时组的表现显著差于顺序组只体现在正确率指标上,d’无显著差异;而处于3-back水平时,两组表现无显著差异。这表明媒体多任务类型损害工作记忆,且受到认知负荷的调节。研究二重复研究一的实验范式,招募被试48名并随机分配至同时、顺序媒体多任务组,考察他们在工作记忆任务上的行为以及事件相关电位和神经振荡指标。结果发现,在行为指标正确率、反应时和d’上,同时组的工作记忆均显著差于顺序组。在ERPs指标方面,同时媒体多任务组在额区P2成分上的潜伏期显著长于顺序组,波幅显著小于顺序组;在EEG神经振荡方面,同时组和顺序组在额区theta振荡上差异显著,在顶区theta振荡上差异边缘显著,均为同时组的theta振荡能量小于顺序组;两组在顶区alpha振荡上无显著差异。研究结果验证了媒体多任务对认知的损害效应,在行为和认知神经层面全面揭示了媒体多任务对工作记忆的影响及作用机制,为引导正确地使用媒体任务并进行干预具有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of information technology,the way individuals use media and engage with them is gradually changing.Compared to the past when people usually only deal with one single media,more and more people tend to engage in media multitasking.Working memory,as the core of human cognitive activities,is primarily responsible for the temporary storage and processing of information.The popularity of media multitasking,an emerging media use in daily life,may affect individuals’ working memory.However,there are still some limitations in current research on the relationship between media multitasking and working memory.First,most previous studies have not experimentally manipulated media multitasking;second,there is a relative lack of research on cognitive neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two.In order to make up for the shortcomings of previous studies,this present study will combine behavioral and cognitive neural evidence to systematically and comprehensively explore the impact of media multitasking types on working memory by conducting the following two main studies.Study 1 examined the differences in working memory between the simultaneous(n=26) and sequential media multitasking groups(n=24) at different cognitive loads by using a priming paradigm to manipulate media multitasking and using an N-back task to examine working memory.The results found that the simultaneous group performed significantly worse than the sequential group on working memory when the cognitive load was at the1-back level on the accuracy and the sensitivity(d’),and the simultaneous group performed significantly worse than the sequential group on working memory when the cognitive load was at the 2-back level only on the accuracy,while there was no significant difference in the working memory performance of the two groups at the3-back level on the accuracy and the sensitivity(d’).This suggests that media multitasking negatively affects working memory and is moderated by cognitive load.Study 2 repeated the experimental paradigm of Study 1,recruited 48 participants and randomly assigned them to the simultaneous and the sequential media multitasking groups,and examined their behavioral differences in working memory performance as well as event-related potentials and neural oscillations.It was found that the simultaneous group all performed significantly worse than the sequential group in terms of the behavioral indicators(accuracy,reaction time and d’).In terms of ERPs metrics,the simultaneous media multitasking group had significantly greater latencies and significantly smaller wave amplitudes than the sequential group on the P2component of the frontal area.In terms of EEG neural oscillations,the differences between the simultaneous and sequential groups were significant in frontal theta oscillations and marginally significant in parietal theta oscillations,both of which were less energetic in the simultaneous group than in the sequential group;there was no significant difference in parietal alpha oscillations.The results verify the cognitive impairment effect of media multitasking and comprehensively reveal the effect and mechanism of media multitasking on working memory at both the behavioral and cognitive neural levels.Our research has implications for guiding correct media tasks and conducting interventions.更多还原