【作者】 陈庆华； 庞维国；

【Author】 Chen Qinghua;Pang Weiguo;School of Education And Psychology,Hefei Normal University;School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University;

【机构】 合肥师范学院教育与心理科学学院； 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院；

【摘要】 我国心理健康研究发轫于民国时期,是在引介西方儿童心理学、心理测验及心理卫生研究成果的基础上,立足我国本土问题研究而逐渐兴起的。根据研究侧重点的变化,民国时期的心理健康研究可分为三个发展阶段:第一个阶段为引介国外研究期,时间上大致介于民国成立(1912年)到心理健康学科创立(1930年)之间。这一阶段的典型特征是开始重视心理健康问题,大力引介西方研究成果,但本土化研究较少。第二阶段为注重本土研究期,时间上大致介于1930年-1936年之间。这一阶段的典型特征是心理健康学科正式建立,本土化的心理健康研究全面展开。第三阶段为服务普通大众期,时间上介于1937年-1949年之间。这一阶段的典型特征是把心理健康研究的重心从高校转向社会,重视普通民众的心理健康。民国时期的心理健康研究内容主要有三方面:其一是儿童心理健康研究。这是民国时期心理学家特别重视的一个研究领域,他们注重考察儿童心理问题产生的根源,并在此基础上提出相应的干预措施,民国时期的心理学家还非常重视训育的育心功能,强调学校教育要能够促进儿童的心理健康。其二是心理健康测评研究。伴随国际心理测验运动的发展,民国时期的智力测验、人格测验、心理问题评估等研究发展迅速,且被广泛运用于诸多领域,成为研究者帮助国人解决心理健康问题的重要依据。其三是精神分析学说研究。以高觉敷、丁瓒等为代表的研究者不仅开展了大量关于精神分析的理论研究,而且还特别注重该理论在心理健康实践中的应用。归结而言,民国时期的心理健康研究具有鲜明的科学性、本土性与应用性特征,研究中体现出的爱国主义情怀、服务人民福祉以及扎根中国大地的精神,对于今天开展心理健康研究依然具有重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on mental health in China originated in the period of the Republic of China,which was based on the research results of western child psychology,psychological test and mental health,and established in the research on local problems in China.According to the point of research focus,the mental health research in the period of the Republic of China can be divided into three stages:the first stage is the period of introducing foreign research,roughly between the foundation of the Republic of China(1912) and the establishment of the discipline of mental health(1930).The typical characteristic of this stage is to pay attention to mental health problems and to introduce some western research results,but less focus on localized research.The second stage is the period of focusing on indigenous research,which is mainly between 1930 and 1936.The typical characteristic of this stage is the formal establishment of mental health discipline and the comprehensive development of localized mental health research.The third stage is the service period for the public,which is between 1937 and 1949.The typical characteristic of this stage is to shift the focus of mental health research from universities to society and pay attention to the mental health of ordinary people.The research on mental health in the period of the Republic of China mainly includes three aspects:first is the research on children’s mental health.Psychologists during the period of the Republic of China paid special attention to this research field.They focus on the key causes of children’s psychological problems and put forward corresponding intervention measures on this basis.Psychologists in the period of the Republic of China also attached great importance to the nurturing function of discipline and emphasized that school education should promote children’s mental health.The second is the study of mental health evaluation.With the development of the international psychological test movement,the research on intelligence test,personality test and psychological problem assessment developed rapidly during the period of the Republic of China,which was widely used in many fields and became an important basis for researchers to help Chinese people solve mental health problems.Last is the study of psychoanalysis.The researchers represented by Gao Juefu and Ding Zan have not only carried out a lot of theoretical research on psychoanalysis,but paid special attention to the application of the theory in the practice of mental health as well.In summary,the research on mental health in the Republic of China has distinct scientific,local and applied characteristics.The patriotism,the spirit of serving the people’s well-being and taking root in the land of China reflected in the research are still of important practical significance for the research on mental health today.更多还原