【作者】 罗芮； 陈福美； 罗玉晗； 李昭仪； 祁梦迪； 杨政乾； 王耘；

【Author】 Rui Luo;Fumei Chen;Yuhan Luo;Zhaoyi Li;Mengdi Qi;Zhengqian Yang;Yun Wang;State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University;Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University;School of Education,Minzu University of China;

【机构】 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室； 北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心； 中央民族大学教育学院；

【摘要】 当前,世界发展遭遇"百年未有之大变革",人类社会面临着越来越多的重大挑战,如大流行病、经济危机等。这些挑战给青少年发展带来了诸多压力,致使青少年心理健康问题日益严重(Hawes et al.,2022)。世界卫生组织的数据显示全球约有14%的青少年罹患心理障碍(World Health Organization,2021),我国6-16岁在校学生心理障碍总体患病率则为17.5%(Li et al.,2022)。在此背景下,了解青少年如何保持心理韧性,即面对重大风险或压力时仍能实现积极发展(Masten et al.,2021),变得日益迫切。其中,揭示青少年心理韧性的发展轨迹及其影响因素对于制定更具针对性的心理韧性干预方案尤为重要。本研究从多维视角出发,探究了青少年心理韧性的发展轨迹以及感恩和压力知觉在其中的作用。研究采用青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、生活满意度量表(SWLS)、抑郁症状筛查量表(PHQ-9)、感恩问卷(GQ-6)、压力知觉量表(PSS-10)对563名青少年(男生292名,51.87%)进行了四次追踪调查,追踪间隔半年。首次测查时被试平均年龄为12.83岁(SD=0.54)。首先,采用残差法分别计算青少年四次测量时的幸福感韧性(即压力情境下仍能保持幸福感)和抑郁韧性(即压力情境下未出现或较少出现抑郁症状)(Amstadter et al.,2014);然后,对幸福感韧性和抑郁韧性建立平行过程的潜类别增长模型,考察二者的联合发展轨迹;最后,采用多元Logistic回归分析考察感恩和压力感知对二者联合发展轨迹的影响。结果发现:(1)青少年的心理韧性发展轨迹可分为"低幸福感韧性增长-低抑郁韧性增长"(26.47%)、"低幸福感韧性增长-高抑郁韧性降低"(21.31%)、"高幸福感韧性降低-高抑郁韧性降低"(28.06%)和"高幸福感韧性降低-低抑郁韧性增长"(24.16%)四类;(2)感恩和压力知觉分别是其发展的保护性因素和风险因素:相较于其他三组,高感恩的青少年更可能属于"低幸福感韧性增长-低抑郁韧性增长"组;相较于"低幸福感韧性增长-低抑郁韧性增长"组和"高幸福感韧性降低-低抑郁韧性增长"组,高压力知觉的青少年更可能属于"高幸福感韧性降低-高抑郁韧性降低"组。说明青少年心理韧性是动态变化的多维结构,其发展轨迹具有高度异质性,而感恩和压力知觉则可能是提高青少年心理韧性的潜在干预目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Living in a time of fundamental changes(e.g.,climate change),our human society is facing more and more major disruptions,such as pandemics,war,and global economic crises.These disruptions have profoundly affected our mental health(e.g.,the COVID-19 pandemic,ref.Hawes et al.,2022).According to World Health Organization,one in seven(14%) adolescents experiences a mental disorder(World Health Organization,2021).And in China,the prevalence of any mental disorders in 6-16-year-old school children and adolescents was 17.5%(Li et al.,2022).Under this background,understanding how individuals can be resilient,that is,attain positive adaptation despite exposure to significant risk or stressors(Masten et al.,2021),during such times is becoming more and more urgent.Particularly,needed is understanding how resilience develops over time and what drives it.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate developmental trajectories of resilience based on a multidimensional construct and the impact of gratitude and perceived stress on adolescents’ resilience development.The samples included 563 Chinese adolescents(mean age at Time 1=12.83 years;51.87% boys) from a four-wave longitudinal study with data spanning 0.5 years.All participants were asked to complete the adopted Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist(ASLEC),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Gratitude Questionnaire–6(GQ-6),and Perceived Stress Scale-10(PSS-10).Firstly,a residualized approach to resilience was used to calculate well-being resilience(i.e.,the ability to demonstrate well-being adversities or stress) and depressive resilience(i.e.,a lack of depressive symptoms in response to adversities or stress),respectively(Amstadter et al.,2014);then,parallel process latent class growth models(PP-LCGM) were used to explore the heterogeneity of wellbeing and depressive resilience trajectories;and finally,multinomial logistic regression analysis was deployed to examine associations between trajectory membership and gratitude,and perceived stress.The results were as follows:(1) Four distinct developmental trajectories of resilience were identified:low-increasing wellbeing and depressive resilience(26.47%);low-increasing wellbeing resilience and high-decreasing depressive resilience(21.31%);high-decreasing wellbeing and depressive resilience(28.06%);and high-decreasing wellbeing resilience and low-increasing depressive resilience(24.16%).(2) Gratitude was associated with greater odds of membership in the low-increasing well-being and depressive resilience group compared to the other three groups.Additionally,perceived stress was related to greater odds of membership in the high-decreasing well-being and depressive resilience group compared to both low-increasing well-being and depressive resilience group and high-decreasing well-being and low-increasing depressive resilience group.The findings reveal that resilience is a dynamic and multidimensional construct with highly heterogeneous developmental trajectories.Furthermore,both gratitude and perceived stress are significant predictors of resilience developmental trajectories,indicating that they may be potentially effective targets of interventions to enhance youth resilience.更多还原