【作者】 张琦； 王静； 李杰； 张禹；

【Author】 Qi Zhang;Jing Wang;Jie Li;Yu Zhang;Department of Psychology, Bei Jing Sports University;Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University;Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hang Zhou Normal University;

【机构】 北京体育大学； 杭州师范大学附属医院认知与脑障碍中心； 杭州师范大学心理科学研究所；

【摘要】 在传统的多目标跟踪(MOT)任务中,被跟踪目标的相对重要性是相等的。而在现实生活中的大多数情况,我们需要优先考虑某些目标,从而不平等地分配注意力。本研究修改了MOT范式,通过目标闪动的频率表示目标优先级高低,检验了改变目标优先级和目标数量的情况下,不同群体是否可以不平等地分配注意力。实验1关注在追踪中注意资源容量的有限性,考察了篮球运动员和普通大学生在追踪2、4、6个目标的平均和不平均条件下的追踪正确率。其中不平均条件指的是一半目标优先级高,另一半目标优先级低。将普通大学生和篮球运动员在平均条件、不平均条件下的低优先级和高优先级目标的追踪正确率进行重复测量方差分析,结果表明,组别和优先级高低的交互作用显著,F(2,42)=3.347, p=.045。在平均条件和对低优先级目标的追踪中,篮球运动员显著好于普通大学生,F(1,21)=20.418, p=.000; F(1,21)=7.481,p=.012。在对高优先级目标的追踪中,两者的追踪正确率差异不显著。实验2主要关注追踪中注意资源容量的灵活性,细化了不同优先级的组合。实验2a追踪4个目标时的不平均包含1低3高和1高3低;实验2b追踪6个目标时的不平均包含四种条件,分别是1低5高、2低4高、4低2高和5低1高。结果表明,不平均条件的细化会显著的影响追踪不同群体的追踪正确率。实验2a的结果显示在基线和1低3高中无论是对低优先级还是对高优先级目标,都出现了篮球运动员的追踪正确率显著高于普通大学生的趋势(86.53%vs79.52%,p=.006;75.66%vs57.02%,p=.003)。但是篮球运动员和普通大学生在1高3低中对低优先级和高优先级的追踪正确率无显著差异。实验2b同理。在2低4高、4低5高和5低1高的条件,篮球运动员对低优先级的目标的追踪正确率更高(61.45%vs51.68%, p=.002; 55.78%vs43.33%, p=.000;67.60%vs56.51%, p=.000)。在1低5高条件下,对高优先级的目标的追踪正确率更高(75.41%vs69.45%,p=.002)。研究证明了个体可以将注意资源不均匀的分配到多个目标上,其中,相比于普通大学生,篮球运动员不仅具备更多的注意资源,而且可以根据任务要求更灵活的进行分配。研究结果为灵活注意资源理论做了支持和补充。更多还原

【Abstract】 In traditional multiple object tracking(MOT) tasks, the relative importance of the object being tracked is equal. In most situations in real life, we need to prioritize certain goals, thus distributing attention unequally. In this study, the MOT paradigm was modified to indicate the priority of the goal through the frequency of the goal flash, and to test whether different groups can distribute attention unequally when the priority and number of goals are changed. Experiment 1 focuses on the finiteness of attention resource capacity in tracking, and examines the tracking accuracy of basketball players and ordinary college students under the average and uneven conditions of tracking 2, 4 and 6 goals. The unbalanced condition refers to that half of the goals have a high priority and the other half have a low priority. The tracking accuracy of low priority and high priority objects of ordinary college students and basketball players under average and unequal conditions was analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA. The results showed that the interaction between group and priority level was significant, F(2,42) = 3.347,p =.045. In the average condition and tracking of low priority goals, basketball players are significantly better than ordinary college students, F(1,21) = 20.418, p =.000; F(1,21) = 7.481, p =.012. In the tracking of high-priority objects, there is no significant difference between the two tracking accuracy rates. Experiment 2 focuses on the flexibility of attention resource capacity in tracking and refines the combination of different priorities. In experiment 2a, the inequality of tracking 4 objects includes 1 low, 3 high and 1 high, 3 low; The uneven of experiment 2b tracking 6 objects includes four conditions: 1 low 5 high, 2 low 4 high, 4 low 2 high, and 5 low 1high. The results show that the refinement of unequal conditions can significantly affect the tracking accuracy of different groups. The results of experiment 2a showed that the tracking accuracy of basketball players was significantly higher than that of ordinary college students(86.53%vs79.52%, p=.006; 75.66%vs57.02%, p=.003).However, there is no significant difference between basketball players and ordinary college students in the accuracy of tracking low priority and high priority. Same thing with experiment 2b. Under the conditions of 2 low,4 high, 4 low, 5 high and 5 low, 1 high, basketball players were more accurate in tracking low priority objects(61.45%vs51.68%, p=.002; 55.78%vs43.33%, p=.000; 67.60%vs56.51%, p=.000). Under the condition of 1 low and 5 high, the tracking accuracy of the high-priority object was higher(75.41%vs69.45%, p=.002). The research proves that individuals can unevenly allocate attention resources to multiple objects. Compared with ordinary college students, basketball players not only have more attention resources, but also can allocate them more flexibly according to task requirements. The results support and supplement the theory of flexible attention resources.更多还原