【作者】 贤业敏； 胡宇飞； 邓会成； 陈光辉；

【Author】 Yemin Xian;Yufei Hu;Huicheng Deng;Guanghui Chen;School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University;

【机构】 山东师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 童年创伤是青少年抑郁症状和自杀意念的风险因素。以往研究主要关注特定类型创伤对个体心理健康的影响,而忽略了多重创伤。事实上,儿童更多是遭受多种类型的虐待和忽视,这会对其造成更严重、持久的负面影响。采用潜在剖面分析方法(Latent profile analysis, LPA)可以揭示不同创伤类型的叠加效应。本研究旨在探究中国青少年童年创伤经历的潜在类别分布特征,了解童年创伤经历不同亚群组的影响因素及其对抑郁症状和自杀意念的预测作用。采取整群抽样法选取山东、山西、天津、陕西、河南、甘肃、上海七个省市3至12年级24323名青少年(平均年龄13.95±2.21岁,女生12820名)为被试。采用童年创伤问卷(Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ)评估被试的童年创伤经历,儿童抑郁量表(Children’s Depression Inventory, CDI)和自编的自杀意念问卷评估被试的抑郁情绪及自杀意念。研究结果发现:1)青少年童年创伤经历可分为四种亚群组:严重创伤组(2.3%)、轻度创伤组(3.5%)、严重忽视组(12.4%)和无创伤组(82.8%)。2)以无创伤组为参考,与女性相比,男性更有可能属于轻度创伤组和严重创伤组;与居住在农村的青少年相比,城市青少年更有可能属于无创组;父亲或母亲的受教育水平越高,青少年越有可能属于严重创伤组。3)严重创伤组青少年抑郁水平显著高于严重忽视组、轻度创伤组和无创伤组,严重忽视组和轻度创伤组无显著差异。4)与无创组相比,轻度创伤组、严重创伤组和严重忽视组均能显著正向预测自杀意念。本研究在一个全国性的大样本中确定了青少年童年创伤经历的潜在类别,可以基于此结果制定更具有针对性的干预和治疗方案,进而降低青少年抑郁和自杀意念的风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents.Previous research has predominantly focused on the impact of specific types of maltreatment on individuals’ mental health, thereby overlooking the effects of multiple maltreatment. In reality, children who have experienced multiple maltreatment tend to have more severe and enduring negative outcomes. By utilizing latent profile analysis(LPA), the cumulative effects of different subtypes of maltreatment can be revealed. This study aims to explore profiles of childhood maltreatment among Chinese adolescents and identify the influencing factors of different subgroups, as well as the impact of different latent profiles on depression and suicidal ideation. Using a cluster sampling method, a total of 24,323 adolescents(Mage= 13.95, SD= 2.21; 52.8% females) were selected from seven provinces and cities in China, including Shandong, Shanxi, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, and Shanghai,spanning grades 3 to 12. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ) was employed to assess participants’ childhood trauma experiences, while the Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI) and a self-developed suicidal ideation questionnaire were used to evaluate their depressive mood and suicidal ideation. The results revealed that:1) LPA identified four subgroups: severe trauma group(2.3%), mild trauma group(3.5%), severe neglect group(12.4%), and non-trauma group(82.8%). 2) Using non-trauma group as reference, males were more likely to be assigned to the mild trauma group and severe trauma group compared to females. Urban adolescents were more likely to be assigned to the non-trauma group compared to rural adolescents. Higher educational attainment of fathers or mothers was associated with a higher likelihood of adolescents belonging to the severe trauma group. 3)The severe trauma group exhibited significantly higher levels of depression compared to the severe neglect group,mild trauma group, and non-trauma group, while no significant differences were observed between the severe neglect group and mild trauma group. 4) In comparison to the non-trauma group, both the mild trauma group and severe trauma group, as well as the severe neglect group, significantly positively predicted suicidal ideation.Overall, this study identifies distinct subgroups of childhood maltreatment among a large national sample of adolescents in China. These findings can contribute to guiding targeted interventions and treatments aimed at reducing the risks of depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents who have experienced childhood maltreatment.更多还原