【作者】 李飞； 梅正鼎； 李彩红； 何叔军； 郭莉莉； 刘冰蕾； 赵瑞元； 张志刚；

【Author】 Li Fei;Mei Zhengding;Li Caihong;He Shujun;Guo Lili;Liu Binglei;Zhao Ruiyuan;Zhang Zhigang;Cotton Science Research Institute of Hunan Province;Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hunan Province;

【机构】 湖南省棉花科学研究所； 湖南省农业农村厅；

【摘要】 为探讨氮肥施用深度及施用量对油后直播棉花干物质与氮素积累分配及产量的影响,于2018年和2019年在湖南常德开展了氮肥运筹试验。本研究以湘FZ001为试验材料,设置15 cm和5 cm(H₁₅、H₅)2个施用深度,0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm^-2(N₀、N₉₀、N₁₈₀、N₂₇₀、N₃₆₀)5个施氮量,研究其对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮素积累与分配、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,与H₅相比,H₁₅条件下棉花干物质积累量显著升高,2018年提高了2.84%,2019年提高了3.45%。与N₀相比,施氮肥后干物质积累量随施氮量的增加显著升高,2018年各施氮处理分别提高了11.43%、25.61%、25.64%、21.50%,2019年分别提高了10.08%、24.84%、25.14%、22.14%。棉花氮素吸收与干物质积累动态曲线均符合Logistic模型,2年间棉株氮素最大累积量（Y_m）均在H₁₅N₁₈₀处理下获得,与平均值相比,棉株氮素最大累积量分别提高了12.77%和14.32%,快速累积持续时间（t）缩短了0.50%和0.97%,最大累积速率（Vm）提升13.34%和15.43%,氮素快速积累期起始时间（t₁）略早于干物质积累,但基本一致。氮肥施用深度与施氮量互作对棉花产量的影响显著,2年间籽棉产量均以H₁₅N₁₈₀处理最高。由此说明深施减氮可以获得高产,推荐本地区氮肥施用深度从常规的撒施或浅施5 cm提高到10 cm,施氮量从常规的270～300kg.hm-2减少为180kg·hm^-2。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment was conducted using Xiang FZ001 with the treatments of two depths of nitrogen application(15 cm,H₁₅ and 5 cm,H₅),and five nitrogen rates,0,90,180,270 and 360 kg·hm^-2(N₀,N₉₀,N₁₈₀,N₂₇₀,N₃₆₀) in 2018 and 2019.Compared with the treatment H5,dry matter accumulation of cotton under H₁₅ significantly increased by 2.84% in 2018,3.45% in 2019,respectively.Dry matter accumulation of N₉₀,N₁₈₀,N₂₇₀ and N₃₆₀ increased by 11.43%,25.61%,25.64%,21.50% in 2018 and 10.08%,24.84%,25.14%,22.14% in 2019,respectively,compared with N₀.The dynamic curve of cotton dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption conformed to the Logistic model,and the maximal nitrogen accumulation（Y_m）of cotton was obtained under H₁₅N₁₈₀ treatments both in 2018 and 2019.Compared with the average value,the maximal nitrogen accumulation increased by 12.77% and 14.32%,duration of rapid accumulation（t） decreased by 0.50% and 0.97%,and the maximal speed of accumulation（Vm_） increased by 13.34% and15.43%,respectively,in two years.The period of rapid nitrogen accumulation（t₁） started slightly earlier than that of dry matter accumulation,but it was basically the same.The interaction of application depth and amount of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected cotton yield,and the cotton yield of H₁₅N1₈₀ was the highest during the two years.This study indicated that increasing fertilization depth and reducing nitrogen application amount could obtain high yield.It is recommended for the tested region that the depth of nitrogen application should be increased from 5 cm to 10 cm for conventional spread or shallow application,and the amount of nitrogen application be decreased from 270-300 kg·hm^-2 to 180 kg·hm^-2.更多还原