【作者】 徐敏； 朱鹤； 叶福民； 李憬霖； 金路路； 单莹； 王子胜；

【Author】 Xu Min;Zhu He;Ye Fumin;Li Jinglin;Jin Lulu;Shan Ying;Wang Zisheng;Liaoning Cash Crop Institute;Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

【机构】 辽宁省经济作物研究所； 中国农业科学院棉花研究所；

【摘要】 为了探讨气象条件对棉花种子活力的影响,本试验利用开花当日挂花的方法,获得不同成熟度的种子群体,检测其百粒重、7 d发芽率、种子主要营养成分含量以及发芽期间丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。检测结果为:种子的百粒重和发芽率与种子的植株停留时间有关,与开花时间关系不大。种子的粗脂肪含量较高,且辽棉31显著高于辽棉25;其次是可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量,2个品种差异不显著。种子发芽期间MDA含量呈先升高后下降趋势,辽棉25的MDA含量要低于辽棉31,且2个品种间差异不显著。种子发芽期间POD活性呈先升高后下降趋势,下降较明显;CAT活性呈先下降再升高趋势,下降明显,但升高有限;SOD活性呈逐渐下降趋势,下降明显;这3种酶的活性都表现为辽棉25高于辽棉31,但2个品种间差异不显著。通过气象因子与种子生理生化指标的相关分析,确定了降水量、≥12℃积温、日温差和日照时间4个气象因子,与种子的百粒重、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量以及CAT活性存在显著或极显著的相关关系。以4个气象因子为自变量、种子的4个特征指标为因变量,利用逐步回归的方法获得了2 5个模拟模型,对其中13个符合二次多项式的方程进一步利用边际分析的方法,求出气象因子的边际效应。综合来看:种子植株停留期间的降水量、≥12℃积温、日温差和日照时间4个气象因子,通过影响种子的百粒重、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量以及CAT活性,对种子活力造成影响;辽河流域棉区种子的植株停留时间以65～70 d为宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the effect of meteorological conditions on cotton seed vigor,the seed population of different maturity was obtained by hanging flowers on the day of flowering,100-seed weight,7 d germination rate and main nutrient content of seed were measured.Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration,peroxidase(POD) activity,catalase(CAT) activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity during germination were measured,too.The results showed that the 100-seed weight and germination rate were related to seed residence time on plant,but not to the flowering time.The content of crude fat was higher,and Liaomian 31 seeds was higher than that in Liaomian 25 seed significantly,followed by soluble sugar content and starch content,but the difference is not significant.During the germination of seeds,MDA concentration increased firstly then decreased,and the MDA concentration of Liaomian 25 was lower than that of Liaomian 31,and the difference between 2 varieties was not significant.During germination,POD activity increased firstly then decreased obviously;CAT activity decreased firstly then increased,the decrease was obvious,but the increase was limited;SOD activity decreased gradually and obviously.The activity of these 3 enzymes of Liaomian 25 were higher than that of Liaomian 31,but the difference between the two varieties was not significant.Through the correlation analysis between meteorological factors and seed physiological and biochemical indexes,the four meteorological factors,rainfall,≥12℃ accumulated temperature,daily temperature difference and sunshine hours,were significant or extremely significant correlation with 100-seed weight,soluble sugar content,MDA concentration and the CAT activity during seed germination.Taking 4 meteorological factors as independent variables and 4 characteristic indexes of seeds as dependent variables,25 simulation models were obtained by stepwise regression method.Among them,13 equations conforming to quadratic polynomials were further analyzed by edge analysis;marginal effects of meteorological factors are obtained.Overall,4 meteorological factors—rainfall,≥12℃ accumulated temperature,daily temperature difference and sunshine hours during seed resident in plant,which affected seed vigor by affecting 4 seed characteristic indexes—100-seed weight,soluble sugar content,MDA concentration and CAT activity.The plant resident time of cotton seeds in Liaohe River Basin was 65-70 d.更多还原