【作者】 刘思宇； 芦红云； 史瑛； 陈启和；

【Author】 Liu Siyu;Lu Hongyun;Shi Ying;Chen Qihe;Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University;

【机构】 浙江大学食品科学与营养系；

【摘要】 中国传统发酵食品是一类利用多种微生物发酵作用通过酿造工艺加工而成的具有独特风味的食品,其种类繁多、发酵过程与微生态系统复杂,主要有食醋、酱油、酒、泡菜和腐乳等。微生物伴随着传统发酵食品的整个生产过程,对产品的色泽、营养成分和风味物质的形成起着至关重要的作用,但少数微生物的存在会引起产膜现象,对传统发酵食品的质量与潜在安全造成影响。本文主要阐述了传统发酵食品中存在的产膜微生物种类及其产生的生物膜对发酵过程的影响。简要总结国内外有关生物膜在食品中的利用研究热点,以及通过物理(优化发酵和灭菌工艺)、化学(添加防腐剂)和生物技术等手段防控传统发酵食品中腐败产膜的相应措施。最后,以食醋为例,详细讨论醋线虫通过生物间的相互作用在解决食醋发酵过程中产膜的问题的应用潜力,以期为开发保障中国传统发酵食品品质稳定和提升的方法提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese traditional fermented food is a kind of food with unique flavors,which is produced by the complex fermentation process of various microbiota.There are a great variety of traditional fermented foods,mainly vinegar,soy sauce,Chinese wine,pickles,and fermented bean curd.Microorganisms accompany the entire production process of these fermented foods,and play a vital role in the formation of product color,nutrients,and flavor substances.However,the existence of a small number of microorganisms can cause biofilm formation,which directly affects the quality and potential safety of traditional fermented food.In this review,the species of film-producing microorganisms existing in traditional fermented food and their effects on the fermentation process were mainly described.Moreover,the research hotspots on the utilization of film in food at home and abroad were briefly summarized,as well as the corresponding measures to prevent and control the spoilage of biofilms in traditional fermented food by physical(optimization of fermentation and sterilization processes),chemical(addition of preservatives),and biotechnological methods.Finally,taking vinegar as an example,the potential application of Turbatrix aceti in solving the problem of biofilm formation in the vinegar fermentation process through biological interaction was discussed in detail,to provide experience and references for the development of solutions to ensure stability and improve the quality of Chinese traditional fermented food.更多还原