【作者】 应梦婷； 江光荣；

【Author】 YING Mengting;JIANG Guangrong;Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education;School of Psychology, Central China Normal University; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province;

【机构】 武汉体育学院健康科学学院心理学系； 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室华中师范大学心理学院湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室；

【摘要】 研究者以大学生为研究对象,通过一项质性研究考察自杀意念者与自杀尝试者在广义自杀意念的内容或成分上的差异。在对两者自杀意念的比较中,不仅关注狭义自杀意念的产生,还包括对自杀相关动机过程的了解;既包括言语性内容,又涉及自杀意念中的心理意象及情感成分等。在此基础上,探索什么样的自杀意念具有更高的行动风险。从某市某综合医院精神科选取过去一年内仅有自杀意念(13人)或曾有自杀尝试(13人)的住院大学生,通过半结构式访谈收集26名被试从产生自杀意念到采取/放弃自杀行动这一过程中的近端认知情感过程,采用共识性质性研究方法(CQR)对访谈材料进行深入分析。结果发现,从自杀想法产生到个体最终采取或放弃自杀行动,影响其最终行为的因素可划分为5个方面:自杀意念产生(我想死),自杀结果权衡(要不要自杀),自杀过程预期(如何实施自杀),自杀/死亡相关信念与态度,自杀意念调控,这五个方面组成一个有机整体,可以从近端因素的角度大致描述自杀行为的发生过程。自杀意念者与自杀尝试者在自杀意念的产生上无明显差异,但在自杀意念产生后的自杀相关动机过程上存在差异,主要表现为:(1)个体在自杀意念产生后会对自杀结果利弊及生活、现实、未来等作进一步的思考与权衡,而自杀意念者与自杀尝试者表现出不同的自杀结果预期思考内容及模式;(2)不论是自杀意念者还是自杀尝试者均会对自杀行动进行相关思考,但两者对自杀过程的预期和想象不同,自杀尝试者比自杀意念者有更多关于自杀实施过程的心理意象,并伴随更多的积极情绪;(3)自杀意念者与自杀尝试者在自杀/死亡相关信念与态度上也存在差异,其在个体的自杀意念中以潜移默化的方式起作用;(4)与自杀尝试者相比,自杀意念者更多地对自己的自杀想法存在元认知觉察及自我抑制,且在相当一部分自杀意念者中,存在自杀想法的情绪调节现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aims to explore the differences in the content or composition of suicidal ideation among college students with suicidal ideation or suicidal attempts. While comparing different aspects of suicidal ideation, we not only pay attention to the formation of suicidal ideation, but also explore the suicide-related motivational process after having suicidal ideation. We focus on verbal components of suicidal ideation, as well as suicidal imagery and emotional components in their ideation. In order to identify which kind of suicide ideators have the highest risk to commit suicide. The subjects were from a psychiatric department in a general hospital in Wuhan. 13 students who had suicidal ideation along with another 13 students who had suicidal attempts in the past year were selected. Using semi-structure interviews, we collected the proximal cognitive emotional states in the process from generating suicide thoughts to taking or abandoning suicide action. Then, investigators conducted an in-depth analysis for the interview materials using Consensus Qualitative Research(CQR). The qualitative analysis found that, from the occurrence of suicide trigger events(or non-existence) to the individual’s final behavior(take or abandon suicide), the factors affecting their final action can be divided into five aspects: formation of suicide ideation(I want to die), evaluations of suicide outcomes(whether I should commit suicide or not), expectations on suicide process(how to commit suicide), suicide/death related beliefs and attitude, and suicidal ideation adjustment. These five aspects together can describe the development of suicide behavior from the perspective of proximal factors. By comparing the differences between suicide ideators and suicide attempters in these five aspects, it is found that suicide ideators and suicide attempters do not differ in the formation of suicidal ideation, but they do have differences in suicide-related motivational process after forming suicidal ideation. The biggest differences are from evaluations of suicide outcomes and expectations on suicide process. Also suicide ideators and suicide attempters tend to have different suicide/death related beliefs and attitude. Compared with suicide attempters, suicide ideators are more likely to be aware of their suicidal thoughts and try to suppress them.更多还原