【作者】 陈文玉； 方平； 姜媛；

【Author】 Wenyu Chen;Ping Fang;Yuan Jiang;Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University;Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University;

【机构】 首都师范大学心理学院； 北京体育大学心理学院；

【摘要】 社会价值取向指个体对自己和他人收益分配的特定偏好。社会距离指个体感知到的自我与他人差异的大小,或人际距离的亲疏,可以通过改变人们的认知进一步影响到个体的行为。其中利他行为作为一种积极的社会行为,在维持人际关系和创建和谐社会方面都有重要意义。探究个体的利他倾向受哪些因素的影响,有助于提高个体的利他行为水平,促进社会形成互帮互助的融洽氛围。本研究采用问卷调查法和实验法,结合人格特质和情境因素,从内隐和外显两个层面探究社会价值取向和社会距离对利他倾向的影响。实验一以42名大学生为研究对象,采用单因素被试内设计进行内隐联想测验(IAT),结果显示个体对不同社会距离对象的内隐利他倾向不同,与他人相比,对自我的内隐利他倾向更高;不同社会价值取向个体的内隐利他倾向也存在显著差异,与亲自我取向个体相比,亲社会取向个体的内隐利他倾向更高。实验二以65名大学生为研究对象,采用2(社会距离:陌生人,熟悉人)×2(社会价值取向:亲自我,亲社会)混合设计,因变量为研究参与者在捐献意愿上的得分。结果显示社会距离的主效应显著,相比于陌生他人,个体对熟悉他人的捐献意愿更高;社会价值取向主效应不显著,表明社会价值取向对利他倾向的影响可能在内隐认识与外显态度上相分离。社会距离和社会价值取向的交互作用显著,相比于亲自我取向个体,亲社会取向个体受到社会距离的影响小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social value orientation refers to the individual’s specific preference for income distribution between himself and others. Social distance refers to the size of the self-perceived difference between individuals and others,or the closeness of interpersonal distance, which can change people’s cognition and further affect individual behavior.As a positive social behavior, altruistic behavior plays an important role in maintaining interpersonal relationship and creating a harmonious society. By exploring the factors that influence the altruistic tendency of individuals, it is helpful to improve the level of individual altruistic behavior and promote the formation of a harmonious social atmosphere of mutual help. Combining personality traits and situational factors, we explore the influence of social value orientation and social distance on altruistic behavior from two levels of implicit and explicit. Questionnaire method and experimental method were adopted. In the first experiment, 42 college students were selected as subjects.The Implicit Association Test(IAT) was designed by single factor test. The implicit altruistic tendencies of different social distance objects are different. Compared with the otherness dimension, the implicit altruistic tendency towards ego dimension is higher; the implicit altruistic tendencies of individuals with different social value orientations also have significant differences, that is, the pro-social orientation individuals tend to be higher. In the second experiment,65 college students were enrolled. The mixed design of 2(social distance: strangers, familiar people) ×2(social value orientation: myself, prosocial) was adopted. The results showed that the main effect of social distance was significant.The main effect of social value orientation is not significant, which indicates that the effect of social value orientation on altruistic tendency may be separated from implicit cognition and explicit attitude. The interaction between the two is significant. Compared with self-oriented individuals, prosocial oriented individuals are less affected by social distance.更多还原