【作者】 李燕娟； 邹颖敏； 张晴雪； 刘兴华；

【Author】 LI Yan-juan;ZOU Yin-min;ZHANG Qin-xue;LIU Xing-hua;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences;

【机构】 北京大学心理与认知科学学院；

【摘要】 背景:以往许多研究发现正念减压课程(Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction; MBSR)能提升正念和自我悲悯,降低觉知压力,且正念和自我悲悯都是重要的起效机制。然而,大多数研究仅使用Neff开发的自我悲悯量表总分,忽略了该量表拟合更好的两因子结构(自我悲悯和自我冷漠),且探究机制时仅考虑中介变量(即正念和自我悲悯)的前后测差值,未考察中介变量与结果变量的时间先后顺序。本研究将考虑自我悲悯量表的两个子维度,加入中测,以检验MBSR能否通过干预中的正念和自我悲悯/冷漠预测干预后的觉知压力。方法:本研究为随机对照研究,招募68名高压力人群(觉知压力量表得分≥26分),随机分到MBSR组或等待控制组。MBSR组被试获得持续八周(每周2.5小时)的正念课程,加一日正念日(6小时),等待控制组在等待期间不接受任何干预,在后测结束后获得2日正念课程(共12小时)。两组被试在干预前(T0)、中(第四周结束后,T1)、后(T2)测量五因素正念量表、觉知压力量表和自我悲悯量表。结果:2(组别)×3(测量时间)重复测量方差分析发现对于正念、觉知压力和自我冷漠,时间×组别交互作用显著;对于自我悲悯,时间×组别交互作用不显著。事后比较结果表明,相比于等待控制组,MBSR组的正念水平在T1和T2显著提高,觉知压力和自我冷漠水平在T2显著降低。中介效应分析结果表明,仅T1正念水平在干预对T2觉知压力和和T2自我冷漠的作用中起到部分中介作用。讨论:本研究重复验证了MBSR能通过提升高压力人群的正念水平降低其觉知压力。此外,本研究将自我悲悯量表的两个子维度进行区分后,发现在MBSR能显著降低干预后的自我冷漠,且是部分通过提升干预前期的正念水平实现的,但并未发现MBSR对于自我悲悯的效果,也未发现其是正念起效的机制。这提示我们能将MBSR用于降低高压力人群的压力水平和自我冷漠,而未来若需要提升个体的自我悲悯水平,可能还需要在干预中增加相应练习(如慈心禅)的剂量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background: Previous studies have found that mindfulness-based Stress Reduction program(MBSR) helps improve mindfulness and self-compassion, while reduce stress. Besides, mindfulness and self-compassion are potential mechanisms of change in MBSR. However, most studies only used the total score of the Self-Compassion Scale(SCS) developed by Neff, ignoring the validated two-factor structure(self-compassion and self-coldness) of the scale, and only used pre-post change score of self-compassion and mindfulness as the mediating variables, without examining the temporal sequence of mediators and outcome variables. In the current study, two dimensions of the SCS were analyzed separately, and mid-tests were added to test whether MBSR could predict post-intervention perceived stress through mindfulness and self-compassion/coldness. Methods: Sixty-eight high-stress(Perceived Stress Scale score ≥26) participants were recruited and randomly assigned to MBSR group or waiting-list control(WL) group. MBSR group received 8-week sessions(2.5-h per week) and a one-day(6-h) retreat, while the WL group received no intervention during the waiting period and received a 2-day(6-h per day) of mindfulness training after post-test. The Five-factor Mindfulness Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and Self-compassion Scale were measured before(T0), during(at the end of week 4, T1) and after(T2) the intervention. Results: Results of 2(group) ×3(measurement time) repeated-measure ANOVA found that the time × group interaction was significant for mindfulness, perceived stress and self-coldness, while the time × group interaction was not significant for self-compassion. The results of post-hoc comparison showed that compared with the WL group, mindfulness in the MBSR group were significantly increased at T1 and T2, and perceived stress and self-coldness were significantly decreased at T2. The mediating effect analysis showed that only mindfulness at T1 partially mediated the effects of the intervention on T2 perceived stress and T2 self-coldness. Discussion: The current study has repeatedly verified that MBSR can reduce perceived stress by improving mindfulness skills. In addition, after distinguishing the two dimensions of the SCS, the current study found that MBSR could significantly reduce self-coldness after intervention,which was partly achieved by improving mindfulness at the early stage of intervention. However, no effect of MBSR on self-compassion was found, nor was it found to be the mechanism of the effect of MBSR. These findings suggest that MBSR can be used to reduce the stress and self-coldness in people with high stress. However, to improve self-compassion, it may be necessary to increase the dose of corresponding exercises(such as Loving-kindness meditation) in the MBSR program.更多还原