【作者】 王芳； 肖少北；

【Author】 Wang Fang;Xiao Shaobei;Hainan Normal University;

【机构】 海南师范大学；

【摘要】 近年来,对汉语歧义消解加工的心理机制研究主要集中在词汇歧义消解和句法歧义消解两个方面。对于词汇水平的歧义研究,研究结果表明其歧义消解过程的激活抑制机制均离不开语境和意义相对频率的制约,语境会促进适当意义的激活,抑制不适当意义的激活,与意义相对频率共同作用于歧义消解加工时间进程,支持语言理解的相互作用论。尽管认知方式对个体抑制同形歧义词中与语境不一致意义的时间进程存在影响,但总体上同形歧义词歧义消解激活抑制模式相似。同音歧义词歧义消解过程则为对不适当意义的抑制作用在先,对适当意义的激活作用在后。两类歧义词的歧义消解过程因视觉/听觉呈现方式的不同而有所区别。而对于句法水平的歧义研究,研究结果则表明合适的语境除了提供语义信息,还可能保证歧义结构加工的句法自足,从而影响个体歧义消解加工的阅读策略。其中,词类歧义词歧义消解过程因采用的实验范式不同而表现不同。在接近自然阅读状态的眼动记录技术下,个体在歧义词处即时进行句法角色分配,符合基于制约的模型假设。而特殊歧义结构的歧义消解过程则受歧义结构本身相对合理性的影响,合理性较高的歧义结构甚至可以达到语义句法自足而促进句子理解。未来研究还应该加强对较长阅读文本的考察、注重研究被试的群体特点以及提高研究的生态学效度等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the research on the psychological mechanism of Chinese ambiguity resolution mainly focuses on lexical ambiguity resolution and syntactic ambiguity resolution. For ambiguity study of lexical level,results show that the activation and inhibition mechanisms of ambiguity resolution process are inseparable from the constraints of context and meaning relative frequency. Context will promote the activation of proper meaning, and inhibit the activation of inappropriate meaning. Also, Context and meaning relative frequency act together on the processing of ambiguity resolution, which supports the interaction theory of language understanding. Although cognitive style has an influence on the time process during which individuals suppress meaning inconsistent with context in homomorphic ambiguous words, the activation and suppression patterns of homomorphic ambiguous words are similar on the whole. In the process of homophone ambiguity resolution, the inhibition of inappropriate meaning comes first and the activation of appropriate meaning comes second. The ambiguity resolution process of two kinds of ambiguous words is different due to the different visual/auditory presentation modes. For ambiguity study of syntactic level, results show that appropriate context can not only provide semantic information, but also ensure syntactic self-sufficiency of ambiguity processing, consequently affecting the reading strategies of individual ambiguity resolution processing. Among them, syntactic category ambiguity resolution process is different because of adopting different experimental paradigms. Under the eye movement recording technique which is close to the natural reading state, individual immediately assigns syntactic roles in ambiguous words, which conforms to the constraint-based model. The ambiguity resolution process of the special ambiguity structure is affected by the relative rationality of the ambiguity structure itself, and the higher rationality of the ambiguity structure can even achieve semantic and syntactic self-sufficiency and promote sentence understanding. In the future, we should strengthen the investigation of longer reading texts, pay attention to the group characteristics of the subjects, and improve the ecological validity of the study.更多还原