【作者】 陈燕铃； 洪新伟； 赵明玉； 刘燊； 张林；

【Author】 Yanling Chen;Xinwei Hong;Mingyu Zhao;Shen Liu;Lin Zhang;Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University;School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China;

【机构】 宁波大学心理学系暨研究所； 中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院；

【摘要】 公正世界信念是指人们相信自己生活在一个公正的世界里,人们得其所应得,所得即应得。不公正事件与已有公正信念相冲突时个体的公正世界信念会受到影响,而校园欺凌无疑是初中生群体面临的严重不公正威胁。面对校园欺凌这一不公事件,一部分个体会通过保护受欺负同伴来阻止欺负事态的扩大,这不仅维护了自身的公正世界信念,同时对校园欺凌起到有效的干预作用。以往的研究表明,公正世界信念水平越高的青少年个体越容易表现出助人行为,参与欺凌的可能越低,更倾向于保护受欺负的同伴。虽然已有关于公正世界信念的研究非常广泛,但目前鲜有研究深入探讨公正世界信念如何作用于欺凌情境中的保护行为。本研究试图回应这一问题,为促使学生在欺凌事件中做出更多保护行为提供依据。采用整群取样方法,面向东部某省三所初级中学的学生进行问卷调查,共发放问卷850份,得到有效问卷837份,有效回收率为98.47%。其中男生421名,女生416名;平均年龄为13.6(SD=0.79)。结果显示:(1)公正世界信念、自我效能感、责任感和保护行为两两之间均呈显著相关;(2)公正世界信念对保护行为的直接效应不显著,但可以通过自我效能感的中介作用、责任感的中介作用以及自我效能感—责任感的链式中介作用三条中介路径间接预测保护行为。(3)在自我效能感—责任感的路径上存在性别差异。相比女生,男生的自我效能感对责任感的预测作用更强,进而做出更多保护行为。本研究的发现揭示了公正世界信念作用于欺凌保护行为的认知过程,启示学校教育工作者不仅要塑造学生高水平的公正世界信念,还要注重提升学生的自我效能感和责任感,以促进学生在欺凌事件中做出更多积极干预行为,保护受害者,阻止欺凌事件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Belief in a just world means that people believe that they live in a just world and that people get what they deserve and what they get is what they deserve. When an unjust incident conflicts with an existing belief in justice,the individual’s belief in a just world will be affected, and school bullying is undoubtedly a serious unjust threat faced by junior high school students. Faced with the injustice of school bullying, some individuals will prevent the expansion of bullying by protecting their peers. This not only maintains their belief in a just world, but also plays an effective role in intervening in school bullying. Previous studies have shown that adolescent individuals with a higher level of belief in a just world are more likely to show helpful behaviors, are less likely to participate in bullying, and are more inclined to protect their peers who are being bullied. Although there have been extensive studies on beliefs in a just world, there are few studies that deeply explore how beliefs in a just world can affect defending behavior in bullying. This research attempts to respond to this question and provide a basis for promoting students to make more defending behaviors in bullying. Using the cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted for students from three junior high schools in a certain eastern province. A total of 850 questionnaires were distributed and 837 valid questionnaires were obtained, with an effective recovery rate of 98.47%. Among them, there are 421 boys and 416 girls; the average age is 13.6(SD=0.79). The results show that:(1) The belief in a just world,self-efficacy, responsibility and defending behavior are all significantly correlated;(2) The belief in a just world has no significant direct effect on defending behavior, but it can be mediated by self-efficacy, responsibility, and the chain mediation of self-efficacy and indirectly predict defending behavior.(3) There are gender differences in the path from self-efficacy to sense of responsibility, compared with girls, boys’ self-efficacy has a stronger predictive effect on the sense of responsibility, and then they make more defending behaviors. The findings of this study reveal that the cognitive process of the belief in a just world affects defending behavior, and enlighten school educators not only to shape students’ high-level belief in a just world, but also to enhance students’ sense of self-efficacy and responsibility in order to promote students make more active interventions in bullying and protect victims.更多还原