【作者】 杨啸帆； 李峰峰； 唐洪彬；

【Author】 Yang Xiao-fan;Li Feng-feng;Tang Hong-bin;Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy;

【机构】 中国原子能科学研究院放射化学研究所；

【摘要】 锎-252作为高通量的非反应堆放射性中子源,其生产制备方法长期以来受到外国垄断。对其性质进行研究与学术评价从而开展具有自主知识产权的制备分离流程具有重大意义。本文首先对锎元素的发现历程与理化性质进行了介绍,并对其用于放射性治疗中子源,活化分析中子源与反应堆一次点火中子源等应用进行概述。然后对几十年来锎-252的制备与分离纯化技术进行了梳理,简要论述了从高通量堆辐照镅/锔靶中提取锎-252的工艺流程。总体来说,当前锎-252的提取最有应用前景的方法是在传统溶剂萃取基础上进行拓展,研究的重点也在于尝试找到更有效的萃取剂。除萃取法之外,高压离子交换技术在三价超钚元素的分离上也有较好的表现与广阔的前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an efficient high-flux ignition neutrons source of power reactors, production and preparation methods of californium-252 have been monopolized by foreign countries for decades. It is of great significance to research and explore its properties to develop a preparation and separation process with independent intellectual property rights. This review first introduces the discovery process and physicochemical properties of californium, then summarizes its application in radio-therapeutic neutron source, activation analysis neutron source, and reactor primary ignition neutron source. The process elaborate the manufacture technology of californium-252. The manufacture process of californium-252 from americium/curium irradiated target from high neutron flux reactor was briefly discussed. In general, the most promising method for the separation and purification of californium-252 is liquid–liquid solvent extraction. The focus of research is to find extractant with highly separation efficiency. In addition to the extraction method, high-pressure ion exchange technology also has good performance and broad prospects in the separation of trivalent trans-uranium elements.更多还原