【作者】 赵蒙； 霍涌泉；

【Author】 Zhao Meng;Huo Yongquan;Shaanxi Normal University;

【机构】 陕西师范大学；

【摘要】 自由和幸福一直是哲学领域探讨的重要主题,也是人世间每个人渴求并不懈追寻的事物。理论和实证研究表明,自由是预测幸福的一种重要因素,幸福的实现需要以自由为前提。然而,自由意味着幸福吗?是否越自由就越幸福?近代以来,自由成为启蒙的重要概念,彰显了人之为人和人的全面发展的价值和意义。它不仅仅是个体的追求,更是伦理社会存在的基石,具有普遍的价值。然而,不同领域所用自由概念不同,研究焦点各异,如哲学家探讨决定论与自由意志是否存在的问题,神经科学家通过脑成像技术试图发现脑神经活动与意图行为产生的关系,经济学家聚焦经济自由是否提升了国家的总体幸福,法学界关注自由与道德、法律责任的承担问题。本文对于自由的讨论基于人们日常生活中的自由意志体验,即一个人感受到的对行为的自主选择性和对命运的自我控制性。伴随着积极心理学的变革和发展,幸福研究受到了学界的广泛关注,逐渐形成了以享乐主义为主体的主观幸福感,以及基于实现论的心理幸福感和社会幸福感等研究取向。近年来,幸福研究呈现出整合趋势,即一个人可能同时拥有享乐主义和实现论两种幸福观,根据不同情境的具体条件,某种取向的幸福感寻求占据主导地位。本研究采用自由意志问卷、生活满意度量表、积极消极情绪量表、心盛量表和生命意义问卷对652名大学生进行测量,探讨个体的自由意志体验与快乐论、实现论两种取向的幸福感之间的关系,并揭示生命意义在其中的作用。结果发现,自由意志体验与两种幸福感之间均存在显著的正相关,并且生命意义体验的中介作用显著。本研究结论在自由、意义和幸福的探讨上更进一步,为持续幸福的观点提供科学依据,也为积极心理干预指明方向,更为缓解个体精神迷茫和痛苦提供启示,具有理论和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 For thousand years freedom and happiness are the most precious thing ordinary people cherished and whereby become the hot topics philosophers endeavoring to figure out. Freedom is one of the predictors of happiness and predetermines one’s possible happiness to some extent, which have been proved by many theoretical and practical studies. But does more freedom predict more happiness? Freedom, one of the most important concepts,reveals the value of human being and all round development. People pursue it and the society builds on it. The concept of freedom, however, varies in various fields. For instance, philosophers talk about if freedom exists and if freedom is compatible with determinism, neuroscientists dedicate to discover the evidence that intentional behavior relate to the activity of brain nerve cell, economists focus on whether the global happiness improves with the rapid development of social economy, jurists try to figure out the relationship between freedom and consequent responsibility. The study payed attention to people ‘s freedom belief in daily life, which reflects one’s subjective feeling for self choice and self control. With the revolution and development of positive psychology, happiness becomes a hot topic in psychology. Both hedonic happiness and eudainonic happiness attract psychologists’ attention,and a new trend is integrating two approaches of happiness. This study tested the relationship between belief in free will and happiness and the mediating effect of meaning in life on the relationship by measuring 652 undergraduates with the Free Will Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, PANAS, Flourishing Scale and Meaning in Life Scale. Results show that there is significant positive relationship among belief in free will, subjective well-being and flourishing,meanwhile the mediation of the presence of meaning in life is also significant. The study implies great theoretical and practical values, promoting theoretical discussion and empirical studies on free will, meaning in life and happiness, as well as, providing clues for relieving mental confusion and pain.更多还原