【作者】 朱煜赫； 安淑敏； 徐晨晨； 纪聪丽； 卢珊； 王争艳；

【Author】 Yuhe Zhu;Shumin An;Congli Ji;Shan Lu;Zhengyan Wang;Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition,Capital Normal University;Center for Child Development,Capital Normal University;

【机构】 北京市"学习与认知"重点实验室首都师范大学心理学院； 首都师范大学儿童发展研究中心；

【摘要】 母亲疑问句输入特征,尤其是以特殊疑问句为提问方式的言语输入对幼儿语言能力的提升有重要的作用。母亲与幼儿进行对话交流的过程中,问题的提出会加深幼儿对世界的理解以及对当前事物的认识,进而提高幼儿的语言能力。流动家庭与城市家庭的母亲与幼儿可能在母子互动中有不同的语言表现。本研究招募了117名35-41个月(37.68±1.00)的幼儿及其家长,参加项目的家庭包括41个流动家庭(男孩26名)和76个城市家庭(男孩31名),使用皮博迪图片词汇测量(修订版)测量其接受性语言能力,使用CHILDES语料分析系统考察幼儿表达性语言能力以及母亲疑问句输入特征,使用基本情况调查表收集人口学信息。利用分层回归模型考察母亲疑问句输入特征对不同家庭类别幼儿的语言能力的影响,结果表明:(1)母亲疑问句输入特征在流动家庭与城市家庭中无显著差异;幼儿语言能力中,接受性语言能力与词汇多样性指标在流动家庭与城市家庭中有显著差异,城市家庭显著大于流动家庭。(2)母亲疑问句输入特征与幼儿的词汇类型和词汇数量具有显著正向相关关系,母亲疑问句输入特征与幼儿的平均语句长度具有显著负向相关关系。(3)在流动家庭中,母亲特殊疑问句个数正向预测了幼儿的词汇类型和词汇数量;在城市家庭中,母亲其他疑问句个数正向预测了幼儿的词汇数量,母亲其他疑问句个数显著负向预测了幼儿的平均语句长度。本研究结果表明,母亲疑问句输入特征对幼儿语言能力的影响存在差异,具有挑战性的疑问句输入有助于促进幼儿的语言能力提升,而频繁的无策略的提问则会导致幼儿话语长度的减少。特殊疑问句的提问方式可能对流动家庭的幼儿语言能力的提升更有作用,而过于频繁地提问非特殊疑问句可能对幼儿语言能力具有负面影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The features of maternal questions input, especially wh-question, play an important role in the improvement of children’s language ability. In the process of dialogue between adults and children, questions raised by adults will deepen children’s understanding of the world and the knowledge of current things, thus improving children’s language ability. Mother-child interaction may be different between mother and child in migrant families and city families. This study recruited 117 children with 35 to 41 months(37.68 ± 1.00) and their parents, The participating families included 41 migrant family(26 boys) and 76 city family(31 boys). The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised was used to measure children’s receptive language ability, the Child Language Data Exchange System corpus was used to measure children’s expressive language ability and relevant variables of maternal questions input features, and the basic information form was used to collect demographic information. The hierarchical regression model was used to investigate the influence of maternal questions input features on children’s language ability in different family types. The results showed that:(1) There is no significant difference in the features of maternal questions input between migrant families and city families; In children’s language ability,receptive language and vocabulary diversity have no significant differences between migrant families and city families, city families are significantly larger than migrant families.(2) The features of maternal questions input with children’s vocabulary type and number of vocabulary has a significant positive correlation, but with children’s mean length of utterance has a significant negative correlation.(3) In migrant families, the number of maternal wh-question positively predicted children’s vocabulary type and number of vocabulary; in city families, the number of other questions positively predicted children’s number of vocabulary, and significantly negatively predicted children’s mean length of utterance. The results of this study indicate that maternal questions input features have different effects on children’s language ability. Challenging questions input is helpful to improve children’s language ability, while frequent but non-strategic questions will lead to the reduction of children’s speech length. The questioning method of wh-question may be more effective in improving the language ability of children in migrant families, and the questioning method of other questions may have a negative impact on children’s language ability if it used too frequently.更多还原