【作者】 寇祥明； 韩光明； 王守红； 张家宏； 朱凌宇； 徐荣； 吴雷明； 唐鹤军； 毕建花；

【Author】 Kou Xiangming;Han Guangming;Wang Shouhong;Zhang Jiahong;Zhu Lingyu;Xu Rong;Wu Leiming;Tang Hejun;Bi Jianhua;Jiangsu Research & Engineering Center for Ecological Agriculture;Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu;

【机构】 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所； 江苏省生态农业工程技术中心；

【摘要】 为探讨罗氏沼虾养殖尾水（以下简称"尾水"）的合理消纳方式,选取江苏里下河地区代表性水生作物（水稻、荸荠、慈姑）进行尾水消纳效能研究。以常规施肥+自来水灌溉处理（CKA）为对照,并设置尾水灌溉处理下的不同化肥梯度用量处理,分别为常规施肥（A）、80%常规施肥（B）及60%常规施肥（C）;通过连续2年试验中,各处理尾水消纳能力、养分利用效率、产量性状指标,筛选适宜尾水消纳作物类型,并探究稳产前提下合理的减肥比例。结果表明:慈姑消纳尾水能力及尾水灌溉条件下果实氮、磷累积能力均较强;此外,尾水灌溉方式促进慈姑的单果重和标准单果重指标的提升,使其具备一定经济增效潜力;保证稳产前提下,慈姑与荸荠种植过程中的尾水替代化肥比例均可达到40%;水稻仅在尾水替代化肥比例不高于20%时,其实际产量不受影响（p>0.05）。依据水生作物年均消纳尾水氮（以N计）磷（以P₂O₅计）总养分可替代化肥比例（14.818%、12.713%、19.153%）,若长期进行尾水消纳利用,可据此适当降低各水生作物田化肥减施比例,以保证稳产。此外,尾水灌溉造成盆栽土壤潜育化程度加深,水稻耐潜育化能力相对较弱,因此,稻米氮、磷富集能力弱于其他2种水生作物的果实部分。综上所述,慈姑和荸荠的尾水消纳效能相对较好,更有助于尾水再利用和国家农田化肥减施目标的实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the reasonable consumption method of tail water from Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture(here in after referred to as " tail water"), the representative aquatic crops(rice, water chestnuts, and arrowhead) in the Lixiahe area of Jiangsu Province were selected to study the tail water consumption efficiency.The experiment took conventional fertilization + tap water irrigation(CKA) as the control, and set different fertilizer gradient treatments with the tail water irrigation, which were conventional fertilization(A), 80% conventional fertilization(B), and 60% conventional fertilization(C)separately.By comparing the tail water consumption capacity, nutrient utilization efficiency, and yield traits between the different treatment in two consecutive years of experiment, the suitable aquatic crop types for consumption of the tail water and its reasonable reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer under the premise of stable production were screened.The results showed that, the arrowhead had greater tail water consumption capacity, nutrition(nitrogen and phosphorus)accumulation capacity in fruit than other crops.Moreover, it also had certain potential for economic growth which the average fruit weight and standard fruit weight were promoted by the irrigation of the tail water.on the basis of stable yield and, the arrowhead had the reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer(40%)as high as the water chestnut with the irrigation of the tail water.During the consumption of the tail water by paddy rice, the actual yield is not affected(P>0.05)only when the reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer was no more than 20%.Given the annual average ratio of the total nutrient content between the tail water(nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide)and conventional fertilizer consumption(nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium)(14.818%,12.713% and 19.153%), the proportion of chemical fertilizer reduction in aquatic crop fields with long-term consumption of the tail water can be appropriately reduced to ensure the stable yield.In addition, the state of soil gleyization was deepened during two consecutive years of the tail water irrigation.Due to the relatively weak resistance to gleyization, the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation capacity of the paddy rice is weaker than other aquatic crops.In summary, the arrowhead and water chestnut have relatively good consumption efficiency of the tail water, which is more conducive to the re-utilization of the tail water and the national fertilizer reduction policy in farmland.However, crop types selection also should adhere to principle of proximity.更多还原