【作者】 曹丹； 易秀； 陈小兵； 咸敬甜； 胡秋丽；

【Author】 Cao Dan;Yi Xiu;Chen Xiaobing;Xian Jing Tian;Hu Qiuli;Key Laboratory of underground hydrology and ecological effects in arid areas, School of water conservancy and environment, Chang’an University;Key Laboratory of coastal environmental processes and ecological restoration, Chinese Academy of Sciences;School of environment and materials engineering, Yantai University;School of resources and environmental engineering, Ludong University, coastal ecological hydrological process and environmental security laboratory;

【机构】 长安大学水利与环境学院旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室； 中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室； 烟台大学环境与材料工程学院； 鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院滨海生态水文过程与环境安全实验室；

【摘要】 为保障黄河三角洲地区的生态安全和高质量发展,需"以水而定"调整种植结构,缩减农业用水占比,从而缓解生态用水压力。以垦利区为例,通过计算当地7种非主要作物各生育阶段及全生育期内的作物蒸散量、有效降水量以及淋洗需水量,得到的灌溉需水量从高到低依次为黑麦草(713.06mm)、枸杞(606.1mm)、甜高粱(596.1mm)、菊芋(577.84mm)、苜蓿(425.3mm)、田菁(236.1mm)、谷子(203.1mm)。根据以上研究结果,黄河三角洲作物种植结构和灌溉管理措施可作如下调整:适当扩大谷子、田菁和苜蓿在非盐碱地的种植面积,选育耐盐性能好的品种在轻度至中度盐碱地推广种植;对黑麦草、枸杞、甜高粱和菊芋,可根据其水分敏感期适当亏缺灌溉以减少灌水量,或改用灌溉回归水或微咸水进行灌溉;利用耐盐作物对盐碱地进行改良,并搭配玉米、小麦等高产作物进行轮作。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to ensure the ecological security and high-quality development of the Yellow River Delta, it is necessary to adjust the planting structure "based on water" and reduce the proportion of agricultural water, so as to alleviate the pressure of ecological water use.Taking Kenli district as an example, by calculating the evapotranspiration, effective precipitation and leaching water demand of seven local non main crops in each growth stage and the whole growth period, the irrigation water demand from high to low is ryegrass(713.06 mm), medlar(606.1 mm), sweet sorghum(596.1 mm), Jerusalem artichoke(577.84 mm), alfalfa(425.3 mm), Sesbania(236.1 mm) and millet(203.1 mm) According to the above research results, the crop planting structure and irrigation management measures in the Yellow River Delta can be adjusted as follows: appropriately expand the planting area of millet, Sesbania and alfalfa in non saline alkali land, select varieties with good salt tolerance and promote planting in mild to moderate saline alkali land; for ryegrass, medlar,sweet sorghum and Jerusalem artichoke, appropriate deficit irrigation can be carried out according to their water sensitive period to reduce irrigation Water volume, or use irrigation return water or brackish water for irrigation; use salt tolerant crops to improve saline alkali land, and rotate with high-yield crops such as corn and wheat.更多还原