【作者】 姚本先； 彭程； 陈天刚；

【Author】 Yao Benxian;Peng Cheng;Chen Tiangang;Psychology Department Anhui Normal University;

【机构】 安徽师范大学心理学系；

【摘要】 理想是指个体根据现实而对未来美好状态期望的心理活动,对人的心理和行为起着激励和指引的作用,具有社会性、时代性等特征。通过对不同时期中国人理想的考察和比较,分析其异同与特征,整合其发展脉络,有助于充分把握中国人理想产生发展的影响因素,厘清中国人理想发展变迁的基本路径,为未来的研究提供参考。本研究基于1977-2019年间开展的116项关于中国人理想的调查结果,运用横断历史研究的方法,考察了中国人理想的纵向发展趋势。本研究文献数据信息搜集自中国知网(CNKI)数据库。首先以"理想"和"调查"作为检索的主题词,检索条件为主题包含"理想"并含"调查",发表时间限定为1977年到2019年,文献类型不限,共检索到文献2706篇,剔除无效文献(无效文献指研究主题不一致、研究对象过于特殊、基本数据重复或不清晰的文献)共获得文献116篇。对获得文献进行分析,结果表明:(1)中国人理想具有明显的时代特征,深受社会大事件(文革、改革开放等)的影响。(2)信仰社会主义共同理想的人数随着时间的变化略有下降,但仍在人群中占有较大比例。(3)不同时期人群对理想都抱有积极向上的态度,认为理想很重要与自己拥有理想的人在人群中占有较大比例。(4)个体理想随着时代变化逐渐呈现出多样性的特点,个人理想逐渐取代社会理想成为个体理想中最重要的内容。(5)在职业理想上,中国人的理想职业随着时代变迁有着明显的变化,变化路径为专业人才型职业(工程师等)、知识分子型职业(教师等)到个人成就型职业(企业家等)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ideal refers to the individual’s psychological activities that expect the future beautiful state according to reality, and plays an important role in stimulating and guiding people’s psychology and behavior. It has social and contemporary characteristics. By examining and comparing the ideals of Chinese people in different periods, analyzing their similarities and differences and characteristics, and integrating their development context, it is helpful to fully grasp the influencing factors of Chinese people’s ideal development, clarify the basic path of Chinese ideal development and change, provide reference for future research. Based on the results of 116 surveys on Chinese ideals conducted between 1977 and 2019, this study used a method of transversal historical research to examine the vertical development trend of Chinese ideals.The data of this research literature was collected from CNKI. Firstly, "ideal" and "investigation" are used as the keywords of the search. The publication time is limited to 1977 to 2019, and the type of literature is not limited. A total of 2,706 articles are retrieved. Excluding invalid literature(invalid literature refers to inconsistent research topics, subjects are too specific, and basic data are duplicated or unclear), a total of 116 articles were obtained. The analysis of the obtained literature shows that:(1) Chinese ideals have obvious characteristics of the times and are deeply affected by social events(the Cultural Revolution, Reform and Opening, etc.).(2) The number of people who believe in the common ideal of socialism has declined slightly with time, but still accounts for a large proportion of the population.(3) People in different periods have a positive attitude towards ideals. They believe that ideals are very important and they have a large proportion of people who have ideals.(4) Individual ideals gradually show the characteristics of diversity with the changes of the times, and personal ideals gradually replace social ideals as the most important content of individual ideals.(5) In terms of professional ideals, the ideal career of Chinese people has changed significantly with the changes of the times. The path of change is professional talents(engineers, etc.) to intellectuals(teachers, etc.) to individual achievement occupations(entrepreneurs, etc.).更多还原