【作者】 霍东超； 常若松； 杨思佳； 马锦飞；

【Author】 Huo Dongchao;Chang Ruosong;Yang Sijia;Ma Jinfei;College of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University;

【机构】 辽宁师范大学心理学院； 辽宁师范心理学院；

【摘要】 为了考察驾驶经验与车道类型对驾驶员变道决策的影响,本研究以35名汽车驾驶员为测试对象,通过17段驾驶情境视频,考察不同经验的驾驶员在不同车道条件下的变道决策反应时、变道频率及眼动轨迹。驾驶经验与车道类型对变道决策反应时的交互作用显著,F(1,33)=19.666,p<0.01,进一步数据分析表明,在中间车道条件下,实习驾驶员比经验驾驶员变道决策反应时慢;在边侧车道条件下,实习驾驶员比经验驾驶员变道决策反应时快。通过眼动分析进一步考察变道决策反应时经验差异的心理原因,依据注视时间热点图,将驾驶员前方视野和侧视镜搜索区域作为眼动兴趣区,结果表明驾驶经验的主效应显著,F(1,33)=5.404,p<0.05;兴趣区的主效应显著,F(1,33)=6.125,p<0.05;车道类型,兴趣区及驾驶经验三者的交互作用显著,F(1,33)=5.688,p<0.05,即在中间车道条件下,实习驾驶员对于侧视镜的总注视时间比经验驾驶员长;在边侧车道条件下,实习驾驶员对于前方视野的总注视时间比经验驾驶员长。同时,数据分析也表明,在边侧车道条件下,实习驾驶员对于前方视野注视时间越长,变道决策反应时越快,我们认为对前方视野总注视时间过长是实习驾驶员变道决策反应时比经验驾驶员更快的主要视觉注意机制。本研究的结果对未来驾驶员不良变道行为干预研究具有重要价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the influence of driving experience and lane type on drivers’ decision of lane change, this study took 35 participants as test objects and investigated the reaction time, frequency of lane change and eye movement track of drivers with different experiences in the decision of lane change in the different lane conditions through presenting 17 driving scenarios video to the drivers. The interaction between driving experience and lane type on reaction time of lane change is significant. F(1,33)=19.666, p<0.01, Further data analysis shows that, the reaction time of novice drivers is slower than that of experienced drivers in the middle lane, the reaction time of novice drivers is faster than that of experienced drivers in the side lane. Through eye movement analysis, the psychological reasons for the difference in experience in lane change decision-making were further investigated. According to the heat map of the fixation duration, search area of the front view and side mirror are taken as the area of interest, and the results show that the main effect of driving experience is significant, F(1,33)=5.404,p<0.05; the main effect of area of interest is significant, F(1,33)=6.125,p<0.05;the interaction between lane type, area of interest and driving experience is significant, F(1,33)=5.688,p<0.05,in other words, the fixation duration of novice drivers for the side mirror is longer than that of experienced drivers in the middle lane, the fixation duration of novice drivers for the front view is longer than that of experienced drivers in the side lane. Meanwhile, the data analysis also shows that the longer the novice drivers pay attention to the front view, the faster the decision-making reaction of the lane change in the side lane. We believe that the long-term gaze time for the front view is the decision of the intern driver. The main visual attention mechanism that responds faster than the experienced driver. We believe that the main visual attention mechanism of novice drivers is that the fixation duration for the front view is too long, which is faster than that of experienced drivers. These results would be valuable for the future research on the intervention of drivers’ bad habits of lane change.更多还原