【作者】 闵容； 胡竹菁；

【Author】 Min Rong;Hu Zhujing;Mental Health and Consultation Center,Guangdong Technology University;School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University;

【机构】 广东工业大学心理健康教育与咨询中心； 江西师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 日常生活中人们常常会无意识地进行类比推理,这种认知能力似乎在指引和联结着意识活动并共同构成人们的生活经历。本文拟对类比推理的内隐加工过程进行初步探讨。一般认为,内隐认知不受意识影响,主要表现在时间压力下的较强抗干扰性,在快速反应条件下,内隐加工比外显加工更有优势。研究通过两个实验探讨了时间压力对类比推理的内隐加工的影响。实验中采用喜欢度评定范式,即让被试在"喜欢"和"不喜欢"两种结果中做出选择,喜欢度评定是以微弱、短暂的情绪状态为基础的,属于直觉加工。实验1采用三因素混合实验设计,以48名大学生为被试,对快速呈现(时间压力)和自定步调呈现(无时间压力)的言语类比推理题进行喜好度判断和类比推理逻辑判断,类比推理题按相似性不同分为跨领域类比和同领域类比两种。记录被试对类比推理判断正确的数值,既包括喜好判断中对有效类比推理题进行"喜欢"的判断和对无效类比推理题进行"不喜欢"的判断,也包括逻辑判断中对有效类比推理题进行"符合逻辑"的判断和对无效类比推理题进行"不符合逻辑"的判断。实验2是在实验1的基础上用图形类比推理题代替语义类比推理题,以56名大学生为被试。研究结果发现:(1)时间压力下,对跨领域类比材料的直觉加工效应显著高于逻辑加工效应;(2)时间压力下,低难度图形类比推理题的直觉加工效应显著高于逻辑加工效应。无时间压力条件下,图形类比推理的逻辑加工效应优势明显;(3)时间压力对类比推理的内隐加工和外显加工均有影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 People often use analogies unconsciously in their daily life, and this cognitive ability seems to guide and link the consciousness and constitute the people’s life experience. This paper explored the implicit processing of analogical reasoning. It is generally believed that implicit cognition is not affected by consciousness, mainly manifested in strong anti-interference under time pressure. In the condition of rapid response, implicit processing shows more advantages than explicit processing. Two experiments explored the effect of time pressure on implicit processing of analogical reasoning by the preference rating paradigm, which asks the subjects to make "like" or "dislike" choice. The preference rating is based on the weak and transient emotion, which is a kind of intuitive processing. Experiment 1 used three factors mixture design and asked 48 participants to judge the semantic propositional analogy problems, which comprised by cross-domain similar analogy and same-domain similar analogy, and showed at rapid speed(time pressure) or self-pacing speed(no time pressure). The correct analogical judge is compared, which includes the "like" judgment to the effective analogical reasoning and the "dislike" judgment to invalid analogy reasoning in preference rating, also includes the "logical" judgment to the effective analogical reasoning and the ""illogical" judgment to the invalid analogical reasoning problem in logic rating. Experiment 2 replaced semantic propositional analogy problems with figures analogical problems and asked 56 participants to judge the items. The results showed:(1) Under the time pressure, the accuracy rate of intuitive logic on corss-domain similarity items was mostly higher than that of controlled logic;(2) Under the time pressure, the accuracy rate of intuitive logic on low difficult figure items was higher than that of controlled logic. Without time pressure, the controlled logic of figures analogy problems has more advantages;(3) Time pressure had a stronger influence on both implicit processes and explicit processes of analogical reasoning.更多还原