初探语言学：基于历史比较语言学看索绪尔历时语言学理论

【作者】 滕宇；

【机构】 厦门大学外文学院；

【摘要】 兴起于19世纪的历史比较语言学以历史比较法为基础研究语言的亲属关系,为现代语言学的建立奠定了坚实基础。在历史比较语言学的发展历程中,谱系树理论和波浪学说的相继建立都具有极为重要的意义,后者更是对索绪尔创建地理语言学理论起到直接的影响。在新语法学派的影响下成长起来却又有着独立思考的索绪尔是语言学界的集大成者,他在前人研究基础上发展了历时语言学理论。地理语言学谈论语言的演变,归于历时语言学范畴,因此基于历史比较语言学的学科背景看索绪尔历时语言学不失为一种直观的方法。本文旨在通过梳理历史比较语言学的发展历程、分析波浪学说对谱系树理论的超越,构建索绪尔语言学理论发展的学科背景,在该背景下逐步理清索绪尔创立历时语言学的思路,探究索绪尔如何在继承中实现超越。更多还原

【Abstract】 The historical comparative linguistics that emerged in the 19 th century based on historical comparative law to study the kinship of language has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of modern linguistics. In the development of historical comparative linguistics, the establishment of genealogical theory and wave theory has extremely important significance, and the latter has a direct impact on Saussure’s creation of geolinguistic theory. Saussure is a master of linguistics. He developed the linguistic theory in the sublation of predecessors. Language evolution is actually classified into diachronic linguistics. Therefore, it is an intuitive method to study Saussure’s diachronic linguistics based on the historical background of historical comparative linguistics. The purpose of this article is to clarify the history of comparative linguistics, analyze the transcendence of wave theory to the genealogical theory, and construct the disciplinary background of Saussure’s theoryof linguistics. In this context, this article will gradually clarify the ideas of Saussure’s creation of diachronic linguistics and explore how Saussure achieves his transcendence in the inheritance of previous studies.更多还原