【作者】 李英华； 余西云； 侯亚梅；

【Author】 LI Yinghua;YU Xiyun;HOU Yamei;Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie,Universite de Paris X;Department of Archaeology,Wuhan University;

【机构】 中国科学院研究生院； 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所； 巴黎第十大学考古学与民俗学研究中心； 武汉大学考古系；

【摘要】 三峡地区文物抢救性发掘工作的开展为研究该地区新石器时代至商周时期的石器工业提供了条件。在观察了大量相关遗址的石器并对典型遗址进行了详细的分析后认为,锐棱砸击制品是该地区新石器时代至商周时期石器工业的主要组成部分,自全新世早期出现后直到商周时期都被使用,且几乎遍及整个三峡地区,这是该地区石器工业的突出特征。它的出现和广泛流行与当地的地质资源和石料状况有关。在与华南的相关遗址做了比较后,推测这种技术在三峡地区的出现与湖南沅水流域的石器工业有渊源关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The excavations and researches performed in the Three Gorges Region have made it possible to analyze the lithic industries and reconstruct the life-style of prehistorical communities.Among the Neolithic sites in the Three Gorges Region,Nanmuyuan,Suolong(Baimiao type culture,late period of Neolithic) and Heguangzui(Shang Dynasty) are the most representative because of the abundance of stone artifacts and the depth of research,which can be referred as the examples.As far as the typology is concerned,the lithic industries in the Three Gorges Region are mainly composed of the products of the ridged-hammer bipolar flaking.This technique plays the most important role in the percussion.The cores are often the elliptical and flat pebbles,which are so similar to the flakes that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish each other between them.When it comes to the flakes,their morphological long-axis are always much longer than the axis of percussion.Most of flakes serve for the blanks to fabricate different types of tools,for example,the scrapers,the stone hoes,discoid,etc.The others are put into use immediately after the flaking,which can be named "used flakes".By observation and statistics this system of classification can be applied to the other sites of the Three Gorges Region.Generally speaking,the products of ridged-hammer bipolar flaking hold the highest proportion in the lithic industries from Neolithic to historical period,which is the most remarkable characteristic due to its continuity and popularity.The reason why they are so popular and important lies in the local geological conditions and the qualities of raw materials.During long time of geological evolution,the Yangtze River has transported plentiful pebbles from the upper reaches,which were distributed at the two banks and became raw materials for lithic industries.These pebbles are mostly the quartzite and lava which are not favorable for the percussion because of bad homogenization and great brittleness.As result,the raw materials are characteristic of large quantity and bad quality.The application of ridged-hammer bipolar flaking was just a kind of adaptation to the geological condition.As far as its origin is concerned,this technique and its products were not found in the lithic industries of Pleistocene and it seems that they appeared suddenly in the Holocene in the Three Gorges Region and became popular afterwards.The preceding researches showed that they did not originate from the local area,but was a result of circulation.By comparison,its appearance had close relation with the lithic industry of the reaches of Yuanshui in Hunan Province.更多还原