【作者】 李杰卫； 严家平； 张东哲； 程方奎；

【Author】 LI Jiwei;YAN Jiaping;ZHANG Dongzhe;CHENG Fangkui;Academy of Surveying and Mapping;

【机构】 安徽理工大学测绘学院；

【摘要】 为研究采煤沉陷区地表裂隙形成及其演化特征,在对开采造成的裂隙进行分类的基础上,针对拉张型裂隙,采用室外物理模拟试验模拟煤矿开采地表沉陷过程,研究地表沉陷过程中拉张型裂隙的分布及其演化规律。研究表明,在煤矿开采作用下,地表土体出现明显的下沉并在土体沉陷区形成拉张裂隙,拉张裂隙规模在空间上分布整体呈现为煤层采空区裂隙挤压至闭合,弯曲下沉带存在少量裂隙;随开采工作面推进,拉张裂隙经历了产生、发展和闭合三个动态过程,并且拉张裂隙规模与演化时间成非线性反比,与首条裂隙出现煤层开采长度成非线性正比;裂隙比随煤层开采掘进发生动态演变,裂隙密度分布曲线整体表现为前低后高的"阶梯形"、前后低中间高的"半拱形"、两侧低中间高的"波浪形"三个演化阶段;煤层开采厚度不同,裂隙发育达到最大值时的宽度不同,随煤层开采长度增加,裂隙宽度发育经过了增加、平缓变化、闭合三个阶段。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the distribution and evolution of tension-type fractures,the classification of fractures caused by mining comes out top of the list,And based on this,the outdoor physical simulation test is used to simulate the surface subsidence process of coal mining,and the surface subsidence process of the surface subsidence is studied in order to study the formation of surface fis ures and its evolution characteristics in mining subsidence area.The results show that under the action of coal mining,the surface soils are obviously sinking and the tensile cracks are formed in the subsidence area of the soil.The scale of the fractured fractures is distributed in the space.There are a few fractures in the subsidence zone.With the development of the working face,the tensile fracture has experienced three processes of production,development and closure.The scale of the tensile fracture is inversely proportional to the evolution time,and the length of the coal seam Non-linear ratio;The fractures with the coal seam mining dynamic evolution,the crack density distribution curve as a whole before the low after the high "stepped",before and after the low middle of the "semi-arched",both sides of the low middle of the "wave";The thickness of the coal seam is different and the width of the fracture is different.With the increase of the length of the coal seam,the development of the crack width have evolved through three main stages include increased 、 the gentle change and the closed.更多还原