【作者】 冯德锃； 刘金涛； 陈喜； 宋慧卿； 朱秀全；

【Author】 Feng Dezeng;Liu Jintao;Chen Xi;Song Huiqing;Zhu Xiuquan;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology—Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University;Department of Hydrosciences,Nanjing University;

【机构】 河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室； 河海大学水文水资源学院； 南京大学水科学系；

【摘要】 山坡地形曲率的敛散、凹凸等地貌特征,是影响土壤含水量、山区河道径流量等重要的控制因子。经引入山坡宽度函数、土壤厚度函数来分别描述地形平面曲率和剖面曲率而建立的山坡蓄量运动波能在很大程度上降低要通过求解复杂的3D-Richards方程才能获得壤中流径流过程的难度。通过模拟九种理想山坡的退水过程发现,山坡壤中流受地形平面曲率和剖面曲率所共同影响。一般而言,对于凹型剖面山坡(n>1),山坡平面曲率参数ω越小,山坡平均径流深越大;对于直型山坡(n=1),收敛型山坡(ω>0)径流深随时间而增大,发散型山坡(ω<0)正好相反;凸型剖面山坡(n<1),在退水的初始阶段,山坡平均径流深较大,且呈迅速减小趋势,此后径流深减小速率变缓。在山坡水文响应中,山坡宽度的增加是对山坡坡度减小一种有效的补偿。更多还原

【Abstract】 Topographic convergence(or divergence) and concave(or convex) are first order controls over soil water content and stream flow,etc.The hillslope-storage kinematic wave can greatly reduce difficulty of solving complex 3 D-Richards equation to capture subsurface flow by introducing the hillslope width function and soil depth function respectively representing topographic plane curvature and profile curvature.Through the simulation of nine abstract hillslopes drainage response,it was found that subsurface flow was influenced by topographic curvature.Generally,the smaller the hillslope plane curvature parameters ω,the higher the flow for concave hillslope.At the straight hillslopes,the flow of convergent type’s increased with time,the opposite the divergent one.The convex profile hillslopes,in the initial stage of drainage,the flow was high and decreased quickly then the decreased rate became slow.The increase of hillslope width was a kind of effective compensation for the decrease of slope on hydrological response.更多还原