【作者】 刘乾甫； 赖子尼； 高原；

【Author】 LIU Qianfu;LAI Zini;Gao Yuan;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science;

【机构】 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所；

【摘要】 于2017年8月～2018年7月对西江水体环境进行了调查,选取pH、DO、NH₃、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N、TN、TP、CODMn和Chla等10项指标,分析水质评价和污染因素。结果得到:水体主要为氮源污染,TN和NO3--N超标率均在95%以上,最大超标倍数分别为5.11倍和3.74倍;其次为TP超标,超标率达58.33%,最大超标2.21倍;NH₃、NH₄⁺-N、Chla、CODMn和NO₂^--N等因子超标率依次为19.05%、13.10%、7.14%、4.76%、1.19%.NH₃和NH₄⁺-N主要在丰水期出现超标,Chla在高温少雨暑期超标,CODMn主要是在渔民集中区域超标。西江干流水体富营养化状况严重;水体长时期呈"中污染"、"超出警戒水平"状态;在城镇人口集中区域,呈"中-重污染"、"中度-严重超出警戒水平"状况。西江干流水环境治理当主要集中于防控氮源污染、水土流失和城镇生活固废垃圾输入等方面,并在高温少雨的暑期进行生态调度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water environment of the Xijiang River was surveyed and measured from August, 2017 to July, 2018. Ten parameters were selected and assessed. Water quality was assessed by comprehensive pollution index. The main pollutants were nitrogen nutrient, primarily NO₃^--N and TN. The pollution loads were above 95% and the multiple of max ultra standard were 5.11 and 3.74, respectively. Follewed by TP, pollution loads and the multiple of max ultra standard were 58.33%, 2.11. NH₃, NH₄⁺-N, Chla, CODMn and NO₂^--N were over-standard with the pollution load being 19.05%, 13.10%, 7.14%, 4.76% and 1.19%, respectively. NH₃ and NH₄⁺-N were mainly over-standard in the wet season, Chla was in the hot with less rainy summer times; CODMn was over-standard in many fishmen inhabited areas. The Xijiang River were heavily pollutied by N and P compounds. water quality of which was long-term presented as middle pollution and exceeded the alert level. It was suggested that the water environmental control measures should be done for controlling the nitrogen pollution, soil and water loss and input of municipal domestic solid waste, and the discharged water should be increased during the hot but less rainy summer periods.更多还原