【作者】 方圆； 任弈； 王芳； 宋子婧；

【Author】 Yuan Fang;Yi Ren;Fang Wang;Zijing Song;Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学部；

【摘要】 怀旧是一种思念过去时复杂的情绪状态,个人怀旧和集体怀旧是其基本的两种分类。怀旧对群体知觉具有积极的影响,已有研究显示了启动针对特定外群体的怀旧可降低对该群体的偏见水平。本研究关注一般性怀旧(即不针对特定外群体)对外群体偏见的影响,并引入文化自我构念探讨在其中的调节作用。研究选取留守儿童和肥胖人群两个弱势群体,作为测量外群体偏见的对象。研究假设:a.一般性怀旧可以降低外群体偏见,且自我构念在其中起到调节作用;b.自我构念与怀旧类型相匹配(独立型*个人怀旧,互依型*集体怀旧)的组,外群体偏见水平越低。研究一通过127人的实验室问卷调查,使用怀旧倾向量表(INP)测量怀旧倾向,语义分化量表(SDS)测量留守儿童和肥胖人群偏见,自我构念量表(SCS)测量自我构念。研究一结果显示,怀旧对外群体偏见的预测不显著,自我构念*怀旧的交互项可以显著预测外群体偏见,即自我构念的调节作用显著。相比互依型自我构念占优势的个体,个人怀旧对外群体偏见的负向预测作用在独立型自我构念水平较高的个体中更强;相比独立型自我构念占优势的个体,集体怀旧对外群体偏见的负向预测作用在互依型自我构念水平较高的个体中更强,验证了假设。研究二通过45人的实验启动法,使用指导语启动法怀旧类型进行启动(个人怀旧vs.集体怀旧vs.对照组),使用SCS对自我构念进行特质测量(预实验显示自我构念难以进行启动),探索不同类型怀旧唤起对外群体偏见的影响,并进一步验证自我构念的调节作用。操纵检验显示,怀旧唤起成功。方差分析结果显示,一般性怀旧唤起可以降低外群体偏见,其中,个人怀旧效应最强,集体怀旧其次。根据自我构念得分将被试分为独立组和互依组进行后续分析,结果显示在互依型自我构念下,怀旧降低外群体偏见的水平更显著。本研究验证了一般性怀旧唤起对偏见的积极效果,拓宽了怀旧的积极作用研究领域,并为偏见的干预提供了不需接触外群体的更为简易实施的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a disposition of "complicated state of missing the good old days", nostalgia has been shown to extend a range of psychological benefits. Previous studies reveal that when individuals were initiated with a nostalgic state associated with a particular outgroup, such as yearning positive memories with a member of that group, the level of prejudice against that group is reduced. Yet it still unclear whether the general nostalgia, not related to a specific group, could achieve the same effect. And the present study takes self-construct into account. Given that nostalgia can make individuals have a more expansive mentality, and the accessibility of potential cultural construct can affect the expression of the knowledge structure like nostalgia, the hypothesis are: a. general nostalgia that does not target a specific group can reduce outgroup prejudice; b. Self-construct is a moderator in nostalgia’s influence of outgroup prejudice reduction, and the effect is more prominent when the types of self-construction and nostalgia are corresponding(personal & independent vs. collective & interdependent). 127 college students were recruited in the study 1 in which traits were measured. Nostalgia, outgroup prejudice and self-construct were assessed by Index of Nostalgia-Proneness(INP), Semantic Differential Scale(SDS) and Self-Construct Scale(SCS). Results showed that rather than nostalgia serves as a direct predictor of outgroup prejudice, the self-construct*nostalgia interaction can significantly predict the outgroup prejudice, namely, the moderating effect of self-construct is significant. Compared with the individuals who are dominant in interdependent self-construct, the negative predictive effect of personal nostalgia on outgroup prejudice is stronger in individuals with higher level of independent self-construct, and vice versa. Study 2 used the modified version of the nostalgia manipulation to evoke the nostalgic state of subjects(sample size: 45), and SCS to measure the self-construct(pilot study showed that self-construct is difficult to arouse), exploring different evoking types of nostalgia to buffer outgroup prejudice and the moderating role of self-construct. Manipulation check showed that nostalgia was evoked successfully. Results showed that general nostalgia can significantly reduce outgroup prejudice, in which the personal nostalgia effect is the strongest. And under the interdependent self-construct, the effect of nostalgia to outgroup prejudice was more significant. Our study suggests the positive effect of general nostalgia on outgroup prejudice, broadens the research perspective of the positive function of nostalgia, and provides a simpler implementation of prejudice interventions that do not require the direct contact with outgroups.更多还原