【作者】 邓雅丹； 路红； 俞承甫；

【Author】 Deng Yadan;Lu Hong;Yu Chengfu;Department of psychology, Guangzhou University;

【机构】 广州大学心理系；

【摘要】 身体洁净与道德的双向联系已经被广泛地验证,研究发现各种通道的清洁体验或者启动清洁概念均能影响道德判断,启动不道德体验会提高对身体清洁行为的需求,并且这种身体清洁效应具有躯体特异性。近年来实证研究视角从"洁净-道德"隐喻转移到清洁行为的功能,研究发现身体清洁行为不仅能够有效地应对道德自我威胁,减少道德补偿行为,还能够消除自由选择带来的认知失调,消除回忆或者体验到的运气对后续冒险行为的影响等,被称为"清洁勾销过往效应"。具身认知观点提供了两种可能的解释,其一是将物理痕迹与物体分离的清洁行为是心理痕迹与心理对象分离的具身基础,因此清洁行为能够降低心理痕迹的通达度进而削弱对后续认知和行为的影响,强调的是清洁行为的独特性;其二是将清洁行为归类为躯体运动,清洁行为并不是唯一的心理分离的具身基础,前人研究发现向外投掷、关闭、丢弃等回避行为均能够降低负性刺激带来的影响,回避行为可能会削弱先前刺激与自我的联系,进而达到勾销过往的效应。前人研究一致发现各种回避行为对负性刺激的勾销作用,但清洁行为能够消除先前不同效价刺激的影响,而趋避行为则受到刺激效价的调节,与其他回避行为相比,清洁行为具有躯体的特异性(说谎/书写谎言后更倾向于清洁嘴部/手部)但不具有空间距离的变化,清洁行为勾销功能的独特机制有待进一步探讨。文章从清洁行为与其它趋避行为的异同,刺激效价对清洁行为勾销功能的调节作用,清洁行为后续任务表现以及清洁行为神经机制研究等角度进行分析并提出未来的设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bidirectional association between physical cleansing and morality has been verified comprehensively, studies found that cleanness experiences and concepts activated by different sensory channels influenced moral judgments, and the desire of physical cleansing would be increased after priming immoral experiences, and this physical cleansing effect was somatic specific. Recently, the perspective of empirical research has shifted from the metaphor of "clean-moral" to the psychological function of cleansing, studies demonstrated that physical cleansing could not only effectively copy with the moral self threat leading to less moral compensation behaviors, but also decrease the cognitive dissonance caused by freely choosing, reduce the impact of previous good or bad luck experiences on subsequent risk behaviors, which is known as "clean slate effect". There are two potential explanations of this effect, which is the framework of the embodied cognition theory. One explanation is that cleansing serves as the embodied grounding for the separation of psychological traces from a psychological target object so that cleansing reduces the accessibility of psychological traces and their consequences for judgments and behaviors, which emphasizes the peculiarity of physical cleansing; the other explanation is that cleansing is considered as one of many embodied procedures of psychological separation, previous studies found that avoidant behaviors like throw, closure and disposal could lessen the influence of negative stimuli, which suggested that avoidant behaviors may reduce the association between previous stimuli and self to achieve clean slate effect. Previous studies have consistently found that various avoidant behaviors possessed analogous clean slate effect for negative stimuli, but it was controversial for positive stimuli. Cleansing could steadily eliminate the effect of the previous stimulus, but other avoidance behavior may be moderated by valence. Compared with other avoidantbehaviors, cleansing is somatic specific and do not involve physical distance, the unique mechanism of physical cleansing is to be further explored. The present article analyze the similarities and differences between cleansing and other avoidance behaviors, the moderating effect by stimuli valence, the subsequent performance after cleansing, and the cognitive neuroscience mechanisms of cleansing in order to suppose the direction of future research.更多还原