【作者】 何虎； 李杰；

【Author】 HE Hu;LI Jie;School of Educational Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Psychology;

【机构】 内蒙古师范大学教育科学学院； 内蒙古自治区心理学重点实验室；

【摘要】 萨丕尔——沃尔夫假设(Spair-Whorf Hypothesis)认为,人类的语言会影响其知觉和思维,颜色范畴知觉(Color Categorical Perception,CCP)为这一问题提供了大量重要的证据。认知神经科学研究发现,颜色范畴知觉包含语言加工过程,语言标签(颜色词)对颜色范畴知觉有影响。以往的跨语言研究从宏观的角度,确认语言标签在颜色范畴知觉中的作用,证明了Spair-Whorf假设。以往的跨语言研究主要以单语者为研究对象,在这个全球化的时代,越来越多的人成为双语者,由单语研究得到的结论能否推广到双语者?内蒙古地区存在大量蒙古语-汉语双语者,在蓝色区域汉语存在一个语言标签"蓝",但是蒙古语有两个语言标签"huhe"和"qinker",这意味着,蒙古语-汉语双语者习得了两套颜色范畴标准,他们母语中的颜色范畴是否会受到汉语学习的影响呢?本研究首先运用Gilbert et.al(2006)的视觉搜索范式对的蒙古语-汉语双语者的颜色范畴知觉的进行发现,低汉语水平的蒙汉双语者在蓝色区域展示了显著的范畴知觉效应,高汉语水平的蒙汉双语者在蓝色区没有显著的范畴知觉效应,这说明蒙汉双语的第二语言确实影响了他们母语的颜色范畴。为了探索语言学习影响知觉的脑机制,本研究进一步用oddball范式发现,低汉语水平的蒙汉双语者在区分qinker和huhe色时比高汉语水平的蒙汉双语者产生更强的视觉失匹配负波,也比识别深绿和浅绿产生强更的视觉失匹配负波,视觉失匹配负波被认为与自动加工和无意识活动有关的、发生在刺激后170-220ms的脑电成分,第二语言的学习影响了双语者前注意阶段的早期知觉加工。行为实验和脑电研究结果发现,蒙汉双语者的汉语水平影响颜色范畴知觉,语言确实能影响知觉,并且可以影响知觉的早期前注意阶段,这种影响可能是内隐的过程。双语者所习得的第二语言范畴可能干扰双语者母语的范畴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Color Categorical Perception(CCP: faster or more accurate discrimination of color that straddle a color category boundary) has furnished an empirical standard passage of the debate and the basic relation of language and cognitive for the last half-century,which reflects or maps the basic relation and debate. Majority of cross-linguistic studies and cognitive neuroscience studies suggested that CCP is tightly linked to the language and culture while we were born, and agreed Whorf hypothesis that CCP is language-relativist, not universal. The object of previous cross-linguistic studies mainly monolingual, in this era of globalization, more and more people become bilingual, can the result of the monolingual research generalize the bilingual?There are many Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals in Inner Mongolia, Mongolian divides the blue region of color space into a darker shade called huhe and a lighter shade called qinker, while both lighter blue and darker blue are simply described with the word Lan in Chinese, it means, the Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals have acquire two sets of standard color category, For further confirm whether Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals’color category in first language(L1) is influenced by second language, The present study use a visual search task to compare the CCP effect between proficient bilinguals andnon-proficient bilinguals, the result shows the CCP effect of non-proficient bilinguals is significance, while the CCP effect of proficient bilinguals is nonsignificance, the present conclusion of visual search task suggests the category of L2 influence the category of L1.In order to further explore the language learning affect the perception of brain mechanisms,this study use oddball paradigm to find that non-proficient bilinguals will lead to a greater brain potential amplitude of visual mismatch negativity(v MMN) than proficient bilinguals, when they distinguish dark blue and light blue, and also distinguish dark green and light green, take v MMN as an electrophysiological index of preattentive change detection, peaking around 200 ms, L2 learning has affected the preattentive perceptual processing of bilinguals. The result of the ERP and behavioural experiment have proved the proficiency in Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals’ Chinese influence the CCP effect, language does effect the preattentive perceptual processing, and this procession may be implicit. The bilinguals’ concept of the two languages may interfere with each other.更多还原