【作者】 任玉冰； 杜秀芳； 吴顺； 高艳；

【Author】 Ren Yubing;Du Xiufang;Wu Shun;Gao Yan;School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University;School of Continuing Education, Shandong Sport University;

【机构】 山东师范大学心理学院； 山东省体育学院继续教育学院；

【摘要】 许多决策发生在一个相互作用的社会情境中,当对一些事物不确定时,人们通常向别人寻求建议,进而提高决策质量。已有研究发现,当他人提出与人们的初始决策不同差距的建议,即建议距离不同时,人们的建议采纳程度不同。有人认为,随着建议距离的增加,决策者的建议采纳程度逐渐降低;然而,有人认为,决策者对中等距离的建议采纳程度最高,其次是近距离和远距离建议。那么,建议距离是如何影响建议采纳的,其内部的加工机制又如何?目前尚未见到相关研究。本研究基于JAS范式探讨建议距离对建议采纳的影响及其认知神经机制。实验以20名大学生为被试,距离估计为实验任务,采用单因素设计,自变量为建议距离,分为零、近、中、远四个水平。结果显示:(1)建议距离影响建议采纳,零距离条件下修改率最低,其次是近距离条件,最后是中等距离和远距离条件,中等距离与远距离条件下修改率差异不显著;(2)建议距离影响反应时,零距离条件下反应时最短,中等距离条件下反应时最长,近距离与远距离条件下反应时差异不显著;(3)不同建议距离条件下的FRN波幅不同,零距离条件下的FRN波幅显著小于近距离条件,中等距离与远距离条件下FRN波幅最大,且差异不显著;(4)建议距离影响P300波幅,零距离条件下P300波幅最大,其次是近距离条件,中等距离与远距离条件下P300波幅最小,且差异不显著。这表明,随着建议距离的增加,决策者的建议采纳程度先增加后降低,即二者呈倒U型关系,而且决策者觉察到他人建议与自身初始决策的不一致,并对行为做出不同程度的调节。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many decisions occur in an interactive social context. When people are uncertain about something, they often seek advice from others to enhance their representation of a decision problem. Previous studies showed that when the advice distances(distance from the advice to decision makers’ own opinions) were different, the extent of people’s advice taking were different. Some researchers had postulated a monotone decrease in advice weighting as advice distance increases. However, other researchers argued that advice was weighted less when it was both very close to and far away from judges’ initial estimates. It wasn’t clearly answer the question how advice distance related to advice taking and how decision makers influence finial estimates by processing various advice. The experiment adopted a one-factorial design with advice distance as a within-subjects factor with four levels of advice deviation to explore the influence of distance on advice taking and the neural mechanism. 20 undergraduate students took part in the experiment to estimate the airline distance between two places. The result showed that:(1) Advice distance could influence advice taking. That was to say, the change percentage of initial decision was greater for far and intermediate advice as compared to near and zero distant advice. Decision makers in zero condition were more likely to ignore advice. The difference between far and intermediate advice wasn’t significant.(2) Advice distance effectively modulated individual’s reaction time. In the intermediate condition, participant’s reaction time was longest. When participant faced near and far advice, his reaction time was longer as compared to zero distant advice.(3) The FRN amplitudes were larger in the intermediate and far conditions than in the near and zero conditions, while there was no difference between the intermediate and far conditions. The FRN amplitude of near advice was significantly larger than zero distant advice.(4) The amplitudes of P300 were larger in zero condition than in near condition. The P300 amplitudes were smallest in intermediate and far advice and there were no significant difference between them. We suggest that there isn’t a monotone negative relation of advice distance and advice weighting. Moreover, people can detect the conflicts between advice of various distances and initial estimate and make behavioral adjustment.更多还原