【作者】 明桦； 张静； 蒋莹； 孙铃； 黄四林；

【Author】 Ming Hua;Zhang Jing;Jiang Ying;Sun Ling;Huang Silin;Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University;Department of Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics;

【机构】 北京师范大学发展心理研究院； 中央财经大学社会与心理学院；

【摘要】 我国流动人口基数众多,增长迅速,流动儿童跟随父母从农村来到城市,面对新的环境时更容易感到压力并出现各种情绪和适应问题,近年来越来越多的研究者开始关注流动儿童这一特殊群体的身心发展。因此如何减弱环境的消极影响,帮助流动儿童更好地适应,是迫切需要解决的现实问题。压力观(Stress Mindset)是指个体对压力持有的一般看法,认为压力有促进作用或破坏效果,从而影响个体面对压力时的反应。那么持有不同的压力观是否能调节流动儿童压力和适应性之间的关系呢?本研究在北京某流动儿童学校招募了486名5到9年级中小学生(M=11.99岁,女生251人),采用问卷调查的方式考察其压力生活事件对情绪适应(生活满意度和抑郁)和家庭功能(家庭亲密度与适应性)的影响,并着重探讨压力观的调节作用。在控制年龄、是否独生、流动时间等因素后,结果发现:(1)流动儿童的压力生活事件能显著预测其适应性,即在过去6个月内经历更多压力生活事件的儿童抑郁水平会更高,生活满意度、家庭亲密度、家庭适应性更低。(2)流动儿童所持有的压力观能显著预测其适应性,持有积极压力观的儿童抑郁水平更低,生活满意度、家庭亲密度、家庭适应性更高,持有消极压力观的儿童则相反。(3)压力观在压力生活事件与家庭亲密度与适应性间起调节作用,持有积极压力观的个体,压力生活事件的多少对家庭亲密度与适应性没有显著影响;持有消极压力观的个体,压力生活事件越多,家庭亲密度和适应性也就越差。综上,压力观作为一个保护性因素,有助于缓解压力生活事件对流动儿童适应性的消极影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The number of migrants in China is numerous and growing rapidly. From rural to urban areas, it’s such a stressful challenge for migrant children to adapt to new environment thus they might have more emotional and adaptive problems. Migrant children as a special population have received widespread concern in recent years. In the light of this situation, preventing migrant children from the negative impact of migration and adapting better is a crucial issue.Stress mindsetis conceptualized as the extent to which an individual holds the mindset that stress has enhancing consequences(or debilitating consequences) for various stress-related outcomes. Preliminary studies suggested that stress mindset can shape the stress response. So whether stress affects adaptation differently for those migrant children who held different stress mindset? This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stressful life events and emotional adaptation and family function, as well as the moderation effect of stress mindset in migrant children. A total of 486 students(M = 11.99 years, 251 girls) in a school of migrant children in Beijing participated in this study. All participants completed a self-reported questionnaire to measure their stressful life events in last six months, stress mindset, satisfaction, depression, family cohesion and family adaptability. After controlling some demographic variables which related to adaptation, such as age, only child and residence time, we found that:(1) Stressful life events could significantly predict migrant children’s social adaptation. Those who experienced more stressful life events in last six months had higher depression and lower life satisfaction, family cohesion and family adaptability.(2) Stress mindset had a significant effect on social adaptation. Children who held stress-is-enhancing mindset had lower depression and higher life satisfaction, family cohesion and family adaptability.(3) Stress mindset could moderate the relationship between life events and family adaptation. There was no significant effect of stressful life events on family adaptation if participants held stress-is-enhancing mindset, while for the others who held stress-is-debilitating, the more stressful life events they experienced, the worse their family cohesion and adaptability were. In conclusion, as a protective factor, stress mindset helps to reduce the negative impact of stressful life events on adaptation among migrant children.更多还原