【作者】 郑樊慧； 安燕；

【Author】 Fanhui Zheng;An Yan;Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science;

【机构】 上海体育科学研究所；

【摘要】 大量研究结果表明ERP的P300成分与注意、辨认、决策、记忆等认知功能有关。因此,本研究以10名年龄在18-25岁射箭运动员和9名同龄的普通人为研究对象,考察了射箭运动员和普通人群之间P300的差异,以研究射箭运动员与普通人之间认知功能的差异,以期为运动员的选材提供更为客观、直接的评估指标。测试时,所有被试均为右利手,视力或矫正视力正常,听力正常,无其他神经精神疾患。被试端坐在电脑显示器正前方,距屏幕100cm。要求受试者注意观看屏幕,当出现蓝色大圆(15%)时对其进行计数,对干扰刺激(15%)和蓝色小圆(70%)不作反应,刺激呈现时间为100ms,刺激间隔为1000ms。实验过程中全程记录脑电信号。本研究记录和分析额、中央、顶区(Fz、Cz、Pz)的N2、P300。运用Scan 4.5软件对脑电数据进行离线分析。分别得到靶刺激和新异刺激的ERPs。根据总平均图,测量150-300ms时间范围内FZ、CZ、PZ各电极的N2的波幅和潜伏期,测量200-600ms时间范围内FZ、CZ、PZ各电极的P3a、P3b波峰和潜伏期。本研究发现,在刺激出现后150-300ms左右,均能在前额区、中央脑区、中央顶区在靶刺激和新异刺激下诱发N2成分,但N2波幅未发现组间差异,表明射箭运动员在冲突监测能力上与普通人没有差别;射箭运动员的P3a、P3b波幅都显著高于普通人。而且射箭运动员的P3a潜伏期快于对照组。本研究提示射箭运动员对大脑信息加工时有效资源动员程度高,注意程度更高,他们还能更快觉知与应对不测事件。更多还原

【Abstract】 To date, converging evidence showed that the P300 of ERP components is related to attention, recognition, an decision, and has been considered as an important biological marker for cognitive function. In order to provide an objective index for the selection and evaluation of athletes, the present study investigated the differences of cognitive function between archery athletes and the common people by recoding P300 component elicited in a visual oddball task. Ten archery athletes with the age range of 18–25 y and 9 age-matched control participants participated in this study. All participants were right-handed and had no history of any major psychiatric disorders or major physical illnesses, and were not taking any medication known to affect the central nervous system. Stimuli included target(big blue circle; 15%), distracter(15%), and non-target visual stimuli(small blue circle; 70%). All the stimuli were presented on the center of the screen with exposure duration of 100 ms, an inter-stimulus interval(offset-to-onset) of 1000 ms. Participants were asked to counting the number of the targets and ignoring other stimuli. Electroencephalograms(EEGs) were continuously recorded and the ERP data were obtained for standard, target and distractor stimuli, respectively. According to the grand average, the latency and peak amplitudes of P3 a and P3 b were measured. The result of research found that(1)N2 amplitudes did not differ among three groups, the conflict monitoring is indeed similar for these two groups;(2) Compared with the control group, the archery athletes have enhanced cognitive function, that is, voluntary attention reflected by P3 b and orientational attention reflected by P3 a. The fast latency of P3 a in archery athletes further indicates that archery archers detect the eventuality more quickly than control people.更多还原