【作者】 张颖； 边玉芳； 彭恒利；

【Author】 Ying Zhang;Yufang Bian;Hengli Peng;Beijing Normal University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality;Beijing Language and Culture University, Academy of Language Sciences, Chinese Test and Education Institute;

【机构】 北京师范大学中国基础教育协同创新中心； 北京语言大学语言科学院汉语测试与教育测量研究所；

【摘要】 随着语文课程改革实践的逐步深入,对于学生书面表达能力的科学评价越来越受到重视。但现实的小学写作评价依然存在诸多问题。把写作本身与新一代测量学理论结合进行研究,为写作教学提供可操作的建议将是未来教育发展的趋势。在前人研究与实际调研的基础上对小学六年级学生的写作能力进行诊断性测试的研究,目的是为小学写作测评与反馈带来启示。依据《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》,小学第三学段的书面表达应为"习作"阶段,既注重学生的对于写作的学习,又注重学生的创造性书面表达。研究从实际需要出发,以小学六年级学生为被试,从写作研究理论、语文课标对第三学段习作的要求、实际测试中习作存在的问题及教师对学生习作的分析入手。研究包括预研究、研究一和研究二三个主要部分,其中预研究在对以往理论研究、语文课标解读及实际调研的基础上建构了研究设想模型;研究一选取北京市石景山区2所小学、4个教学班的六年级学生137人作为被试,对其成品作文进行评价分析,利用结构方程模型技术搭建能够解释小学六年级学生写作能力结构的实际模型;研究二把以上模型中的评价指标作为小学六年级学生写作能力测验的属性,并以其为标准编制诊断性测验,筛选30道客观性试题,形成结构较为稳定的小学六年级习作能力客观题测验,选取北京市石景山区5所小学,24个教学班的六年级学生832人作为被试,经过实测,并利用融合模型进行了诊断性研究,得到相应的诊断功能的报告。本研究从习作内容与习作形式两个方面对习作能力做结构上的探讨,发现小学六年级学生习作能力主要受习作内容的影响,习作形式对习作能力直接效应不如习作内容对习作能力强,习作内容在习作形式与习作能力之间起中介作用。随后编制的诊断测试中属性数量的确定受结构研究的影响,按照习作能力探讨的结果进行设计,进而得到合理的诊断分析试卷,并实施诊断性测试。诊断是在分析小学六年级学生习作能力的基础上进行的,因此使测试的题目对习作能力的诊断结果更有针对性和指导力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the practice of Chinese curriculum reform gradually thorough, the evaluation on written expression ability for students of science is more and more important. But the reality of the elementary school writing evaluation still has many problems. Writing theory combined with the research will provide operational suggestion in the future and it will be the trend of education. On the basis of predecessors’ research and practical investigation and research on elementary school sixth grade students’ writing ability for diagnostic testing research, the purpose is to give primary school writing assessment and feedback. On the basis of the compulsory education, Chinese curriculum standards(2011 edition), primary school in the third period of written expression should be "learning" stage, we are not only paying attention to the student for writing study, but paying attention to the students’ creative writing. Our study embarks from the actual needs, selecting sixth grade students as the subjects, based on writing theory, from the writing language lesson standard requirement for the third period aims, the actual problems existing in the test paper and the analysis of the teacher to the student assignments. Research including the preliminary research, research one and research two three main parts, including preliminary research on the past research, language lesson standard interpretation theory and practical research on the basis of construct the research model; Study a select 2 elementary school in Beijing city, four classes of grade 6 students 137 people as subjects, to evaluate its finished product composition analysis, using the structural equation model technology to build can explain the elementary school sixth grade students writing ability of the structure of the actual model; Research more than 2 the model of evaluation index as the sixth grade students writing ability test of properties, and on the basis of the preparation of diagnostic tests, screening of 30 that objectivity examinations, form a relatively stable structure of sixth grade project ability while objective test, selection of Beijing city five elementary schools, 24 classes of grade 6 students 832 people as subjects, through the measured, and diagnostic studies are carried out using fusion model, get the corresponding diagnosis function of the report. This research focuses on two aspects of project content and practice form in the structure of the ability to do the project, it founds that elementary school sixth grade students writing ability mainly affected by the content of the paper, paper form no significant direct effect on project ability, project content in paper form and practice ability plays a role of intermediary between. Subsequent determination of number of attributes in the preparation of diagnostic tests is influenced by structure research, according to the paper is the result of the ability to explore design, reasonable diagnostic analysis of examination paper is obtained, and the implementation of diagnostic tests. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of the elementary school sixth grade ability on the basis of student work, thus makes the test subject to project power diagnosis more targeted and guiding force.更多还原