【作者】 李亚楠； 莫秀锋；

【Author】 Li Yanan;Mo Xiufeng;Faculty of education, Guangxi Normal University;

【机构】 广西师范大学教育学部；

【摘要】 幼儿的公平分配行为是亲社会行为的具体体现之一,是幼儿道德发展的重要组成部分。已有研究证实,道德判断与亲社会行为之间具有密切关系,且道德判断水平越高的幼儿,亲社会水平越高。而公平分配行为作为亲社会行为的重要组成部分,与道德判断之间的关系尚不明确,因此,本研究主要考察道德判断对幼儿公平分配行为的影响。实验一采用两因素混合设计。被试内变量为资源数量,被试间变量为道德判断水平,幼儿的公平分配行为作为因变量,其中公平分配行为具体指平均分配行为和利他分配行为。以皮亚杰的对偶故事为测量幼儿道德判断水平的工具,筛选出动机取向组幼儿和结果取向组幼儿各30名,以考察不同道德判断水平的幼儿公平分配行为。实验一结果表明,无论动机取向组幼儿还是结果取向组幼儿在资源数量可均分时,80%以上的幼儿都能达到平均分配。实验二考察已达到平均分配的幼儿是否能够达到按需分配。筛选出已达到平均分配的动机取向组幼儿和结果取向组幼儿各30名,并设置不同的任务情境,考察幼儿的公平分配行为,其中的公平分配行为具体指平均分配行为、按需分配行为和利他分配行为。设置不同任务情境的目的在于检验幼儿是否真正达到按需分配,任务情境包括自我任务情境和他人任务情境。"自我任务"是指,被试分完贴画后,自己需要完成一个贴图任务,另外一个小朋友不需要完成这个任务;"他人任务"含义则相反。结果表明:(1)道德判断对幼儿公平分配行为的影响显著,无论资源数量可否均分,动机取向组幼儿的公平分配行为都高于结果取向组幼儿的公平分配行为;(2)达到平均分配水平的动机取向组幼儿,无论是在自我任务情境还是他人任务情境中都能做到按需分配;达到平均分配水平的结果取向组幼儿,在自我任务情境中能够做到按需分配,但在他人任务情境中做不到按需分配。更多还原

【Abstract】 The children’s fair distribution behavior is one of the concrete embodiment of Pro social behavior, and is an important component of children’s moral development. Previous studies have shown that moral judgment is closely related to prosocial behavior, and the higher the level of moral judgment is, the higher the prosocial level is. While fair distribution behavior is an important part of prosocial behavior, the relationship between fair distribution and moral judgment is not clear. Therefore, this study examines the influence of moral judgment on children’s fair distribution behavior. Experiment one adopts two factor mixed design. The subject variables were the number of resources, the inter subject variables were moral judgment levels, and the children’s fair distribution behavior was the dependent variable. Among them, the fair distribution behavior refers to the average distribution behavior and altruistic distribution behavior.Based on the story of Piaget duality for measurement of children’s moral judgment level tools,30 children were selected in the motivational orientation group and the outcome orientation group respectively, to investigate the effects of different levels of children’s moral judgment on children’s fair distribution behavior. The results of Experiment 1 showed that children with either motive orientation group or result orientation group could reach the average allocation of more than 80% when the number of resources was equally distributed. Experiment two examined whether children who had been assigned equally were able to meet demand allocation. Screening has reached the average distribution of the motivation and results oriented group infant group children each 30, and set up different tasks to investigate children’s fair distribution behavior, which specifically refers to the average distribution behavior and distribution according to need and altruistic distribution behavior. The purpose of setting up different task scenarios is to test whether children really achieve the assignment according to their needs. The task situation includes self task situation and other people’s task situation. "Self task" means that after the test has been done, one needs to complete a mapping task,while the other child does not have to do the task; otherstask is the opposite. The results showed that:(1) effects of moral judgments on children’s fair distribution behavior is significant, no matter whether the number of resources can be divided equally, the distributive behavior of children in the motivation orientation group is higher than that of the result oriented group;(2) Motivation group of children who reach the average level of distribution, whether in self task or otherstask situation, can achieve the distribution according to their needs; the result orientation group of children who reach the average level of distribution,can achieve the distribution according to their needs in self task situstion, but can not reach to the distribution according to their needs in others task.更多还原