【作者】 吕馨； 刘景瑶； 张学民；

【Author】 LYU Xin;LIU Jingyao;ZHANG Xuemin;School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学院应用实验心理北京市重点实验室；

【摘要】 多目标追踪是现代心理学中广泛应用于视空间注意研究的经典范式。该范式主要用于探究在追踪任务中被试的表现情况及其认知神经加工机制,但以往的研究中没有探究在追踪任务中认知风格与视空间注意的认知神经加工机制的关系。前人研究发现场认知风格影响人们的思维与认知方式,场独立的群体在完成认知任务时更倾向于分析型,而场依存个体更倾向于整体型。场独立者倾向于将物体加工为独立的、互相分离的的知觉对象,而多焦点注意假设认为追踪时人们对每个目标物分配一个注意焦点,它们随着目标物运动,多个注意中心会对多个目标的位置信息进行表征,因此在多目标追踪任务中场独立者可能更多地利用多焦点注意加工机制;场依存者倾向于对知觉对象进行整体的、统一的表征,而单焦点注意假设则支持被试在追踪时将多个追踪目标物知觉为单一的视觉整体,注意焦点在多个目标间是按照串行切换,场依存者可能更趋向于遵循对中心采用单焦点注意加工机制。本研究采用多目标追踪与运动参考框架改变相结合的实验范式,分别通过改变目标数量、运动参考框架的旋转方式和转动角度来探究不同场认知风格被试的追踪表现和认知加工机制是否有存在不同。结果发现:(1)两种场认知风格的被试追踪正确率有显著差别,场独立风格的被试追踪表现更好;(2)场认知风格影响被试追踪任务时的认知加工机制,场独立风格的被试更加倾向于多焦点注意,而场依存风格的被试更加倾向于单焦点注意;(3)在追踪过程中,目标物数量的增加和背景框架发生突变旋转会显著影响被试的追踪表现;(4)背景框架的旋转方向不会影响被试的追踪表现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Multiple objective tracking is a classical paradigm of modern psychology widely used in visual space attention. The paradigm is mainly used to explore the performance of the subjects in the tracking task and its cognitive neural processing mechanism, but the previous study did not explore the relationship between cognitive style and cognitive neural processing mechanism in the tracking task. Predecessors research to find the field of cognitive style affect people’s thinking and cognitive methods, field independent groups in the completion of cognitive tasks tend to be more analytical type, and field dependent individuals are more inclined to the overall type. Field independence tend to process objects as independent, separate perceptual objects, and multifocal attention assumes that people are assigned a focus of attention to each target when they are tracked, and that as the get moves, multiple attention centers The position information of multiple targets is characterized, so the field independence in the multiple target tracking task may make more use of the multi-focus attention processing mechanism. The field dependents tend to make a unified and unified representation of the perceptual objects, and the single focus Note that the hypothesis is to support subjects in the tracking of multiple tracking objects will be perceived as a single visual as a whole, pay attention to the focus between multiple targets in accordance with the serial switch, field-dependent may be more likely to follow the center of the use of single focus processing mechanism. By using the experimental paradigm of multiple object tracking and motion reference frame change, we can find out whether there are differences in the tracking performance and cognition processing mechanism of the different cognitive styles by changing the number of targets, rotation mode and rotation angle of the motion frame. The results showed that:(1) There were significant differences in the correctness of the subjects’ tracking in different field cognitive styles, and the performance of the field independent style tracker was better;(2) The field cognition type influenced the cognitive processing mechanism, Field-independent subjects were more likely to focus on multi-focus and field-dependent subjects were more likely to focus on single focus;(3) the increase in the number of targets and the abrupt rotation of the background frame significantly affected the tracking(4) The direction of rotation of the background frame does not affect the tracked performance of the subjects.更多还原