【作者】 马欣然； 任孝鹏； 徐江；

【Author】 Ma Xinran;Ren Xiaopeng;Xu Jiang;Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所； 中国科学院大学；

【摘要】 目的:中国作为一个典型的集体主义文化国家,其集体主义水平是否会随社会的巨大变化而发生代际变迁呢?名字不仅是一种语言符号,也是一种包含着价值观的文化产品,因此从群体层面,名字可以反映社会文化。其中,常见名字的百分比就可以作为集体主义/个体主义的行为指标,常见名字的百分比越低,个体主义越强。本研究的目的,即是通过不同年份新生儿名字中出现常见名字的百分比来探讨中国人集体主义/个体主义的代际变迁。方法:通过身份证信息服务中心,获取了1940-2010年间各省每年最常见的20个新生儿名字及相应的取名人数,以及相应年份各省每年的新生儿数。分别计算出每年各省男/女新生儿中取名为最常见的20个名字的人数占当年新生儿总数的百分比,之后对各省份的百分比取均值,从而得到当年全国男/女新生儿中取名为常见名字的百分比,并最终得到1940-2010年间每年常见名字的百分比。结果:（1）出生年份和男性常见名字百分比间存在显著的正向相关（r=0.78,p<0.01）,1940-2010年间中国男性常见名字百分比总体呈上升趋势(y=e^{45.10-85517.89/x},F（1,69）=166.41, p <0.01, R²=0.71);出生年份和女性常见名字百分比间存在显著的负向相关（r=-0.3,p<0.05）,1940-2010年间中国女性常见名字百分比总体呈下降趋势（y=-59.35+137830.44/x,F（1,69）=6.82, p <0.01, R²=0.09）。（2）不同代际间男性常见名字的百分比存在显著差异（F（4,66）=141.01, p<0.01）,越靠后的出生代际,男性常见名字的百分比越高（ln y=ln 2.39+0.92 x,F（1,3）=166.41, p<0.01, R²=0.71）;不同代际间女性常见名字的百分比存在显著差异（F（4,66）=38.49, p<0.01）,事后检验结果发现,除政权巩固、文化大革命、全球化三个时期间没有显著性差异,其他各代际女性名字百分比之间均存在显著差异。（3）男性常见名字受到政治性的影响显著高于女性常见名字（t（70）=12.38, p<0.01）,因此女性名字比男性名字更加适合用来个体主义/集体主义的指标。结论:常见名字百分比的变化表明中国的集体主义/个体主义存在代际变迁。综合来看,从建国前一代到政权巩固一代集体主义水平呈下降趋势,从政权巩固一代到文化大革命一代集体主义水平保持不变,文化大革命一代一直到全球化一代集体主义水平呈下降趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Although China is known as a typical collectivism orientation country, will there be cross-generational changes of collectivism in China, considering the great changes in Chinese society. The name is not only a linguistic symbol, but also a cultural product revealing prevalent social culture by representing the values of name givers. The percentage of popular names is used as an indicator of collectivism/individualism in previous studies-the lower the percentage, the stronger the individualism. Therefore, the current research aims at studying cross-generational changes of collectivism in China by the percentage of popular baby names in different years. Methods: We gathered the top 20 of the most popular newborns’ names and the number of them, as well as the number of live births for each province from 1940 to 2010. We then computed the percentages of babies given（a） the popular boys’ names and（b） the popular girls’ names for every year from 1940 to 2010 by averaging the percentages of all provinces in China in respect year. Results:（1） The percentage of babies given popular boys’ names was related positively to year of birth（r=0.78,p<0.01）. This percentage was on the rise in the past 70 years in the whole(y = e^{45.10-85517.89/x},F（1,69）=166.41, p <0.01, R²= 0.71). The percentage of babies given popular girls’ names was related negatively to year of birth（r=-0.3, p<0.05）. This percentage was on the decline in the past 70 years in the whole（y =-59.35 +137830.44/x,F（1,69）=6.82, p <0.01, R²= 0.09）.（2） There were significantly differences among generations in the percentage of babies given popular names（Fboys（4,66）=141.01, p<0.01; Fgirls（4,66）=38.48, p<0.01）. For boys, the percentage was higher in later generation（ln y = ln 2.39 + 0.92 x,F（1,3）=166.41, p<0.01, R²= 0.71）. For Girls, the post hoc test analysis showed there were significant differences among generations except the three periods of regime consolidation, Cultural Revolution and globalization.（3） The popular names of males were more politically influenced than the female popular names（t（70） =12.38, p<0.01）, which means it is more appropriate to use female names as the indicator of collectivism/individualism. Conclusion: The cross-generational changes of percentages of popular names suggest there are differences of collectivism/individualism among generations in China. Overall, the collectivism declines from the generation "before the founding" to the generation in the period of regime consolidation, then it remains unchanged until the Cultural Revolution generation, and it declines again from the Cultural Revolution generation to globalization generation.更多还原