【作者】 王静； 刘慧芬； 黄建美； 陈秋凤； 陈蕃锦； 马晓； 朱国超； 宋东萦； 聂国兴； 李学军；

【Author】 WANG jing;LIU huifen;HUANG jianmei;Chen qiufeng;CHEN fanjin;MA xiao;ZHU guochao;SONG dongying;NIE guoxing;LI xuejun;College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University,Engineering Technology Reasearch Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation;

【机构】 河南师范大学水产学院河南省水产动物养殖工程技术研究中心；

【摘要】 鳙鱼作为四大家鱼之一,经过多年的人工养殖和选育活动可能会对其遗传多样性造成一定的影响,然而其作用尚不清楚。本文利用线粒体COI基因对河南省鳙鱼养殖群体的遗传多样性进行研究。165个样品共检测出14个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性为0.86237,平均核苷酸多样性为0.00223。AMOVA分析显示,大多数遗传变异存在于鳙鱼群体内(97.65%),群体间的遗传变异为4.60%。系统发育树结果表明,养殖鳙鱼群体交叉在一起,没有形成明显的地理格局分布。选择压力分析推测鳙鱼养殖群体主要受到纯化选择作用,说明当前的人工选择对鳙鱼线粒体基因的影响有限。综上所述,河南省鳙鱼养殖群体的遗传多样性较高,其中河南本地自繁群体的遗传多样性略高于其他养殖群体;11个鳙鱼养殖群体的遗传分化差异较大,可能与其地理距离、异地引种有关。建议养殖场对鳙鱼进行良种选育,避免种质混杂、近交衰退带来的风险并有利于保护鳙鱼的种质资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bighead carp is one of the "four major cultured fish species" in China. Long-Term domestication and selective breeding may influence the genetic diversity of this species. However, the impact of aquaculture practices on farming bighead carp remains undocumented. In the present study, we analyzed the population genetic diversity and differentiation of the farmed bighead carp by using mitochondrial COI gene. A total of 165 individuals were sequenced, which have defined 14 distinct haplotypes. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.86273 and 0.00223, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) indicated that most of the genetic variation existing within populations(97.65%), and the remaining 4.60% of genetic variation was attributed to differentiation among populations. Phylogenetic tree derived from a NJ method revealed that the tree branches clustered together, without forming a clear geographical pattern. Selective pressure tests of farmed bighead carp revealed the effect of purifying selection on the COI gene, indicating the aquaculture practices resulted in a weak influence on the mitochondrial genes. In summary, high genetic diversity has been observed in the farmed bighead carp populations, especially for local populations in Henan province. Moreover, genetic differentiation between 11 farmed groups was quite large, probably correlated with geographical distance and translocations. Thus, efficient breeding programs should be utilized in the bighead carp, and control inbreeding and intermix of germplasm resources, which will help to protect the bighead carp germplasm resource.更多还原