【作者】 王崇瑞； 梁志强； 索纹纹； 伍远安； 何平； 伍骥； 危起伟； 刘训华；

【Author】 WANG Chong-rui;LIANG Zhi-qiang;SUO Wen-wen;WU Yuan-an;HE Ping;WU Ji;WEI Qi-wei;LIU Xun-hua;Hunan Fisheries Science Institute;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Insititute, CAFS;Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province;Chinese Giant Salamander rescue center of Hunan Province;

【机构】 湖南省水产科学研究所； 水产高效健康生产湖南省协同创新中心； 湖南省大鲵救护中心； 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所；

【摘要】 2013年1月和2014年1月对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内5个大鲵栖息地河段进行大型无脊椎动物采样调查,分别鉴定出73和78个分类单元,隶属5门8纲16目,2次采样均以水生昆虫为优势类群,分别占总分类单元总数的90.4%和89.74%;2次采样大型无脊椎动物平均密度分别为1610.37 ind.﹒m^-2和1671.39 ind.﹒m^-2,平均生物量分别为11.22 g﹒m^-2和12.34 g﹒m^-2.2次调查各采样点大型无脊椎动物Shannon-Wienner指数（H’）平均值分别为2.45和2.33,Margalef丰富度指数（dM）平均值分别为4.01和3.76,Pielou均匀度指数（J’）平均值分别为0.72和0.69,多样性指数变化表明大鲵栖息地河段生境质量有所下降.张家界大鲵栖息地河段大型无脊椎动物丰度-生物量曲线分析表明,骡子塔（S1-LZT）和芭茅溪（S5-BMX）采样点河段生境受到中等扰动,七眼泉（S4-QYQ）为受干扰最轻微的河段.基于大型无脊椎动物密度的Bray-Curtis相似性系数的NMDS分析结果显示,在40%的相似度下,2013年各样点都可以较好的聚在一起,2014年各样点较为离散.对各采样点在NMDS第一轴和第二轴上的得分与环境因子的Spearman相关性分析,河宽和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）浓度与第一轴显著负相关,海拔与第二轴显著正相关,化学耗氧量（CODMn）和五日生物需要量（BOD5）与第二轴显著负相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 In January 2013 and 2014, field investigations were conducted at 5 sampling sites located in Hunan Zhangjiajie Chinese giant salamander National Nature Reserve. The results showed that: 1) altogether 73 and 78 taxa belonging to 16 orders, 8 classes, 5 phyla were identified in two surveys, respectively. Aquatic insects dominated the macroinvertebrate assemblages, accounting for 90.4% and 89.74% of total number taxa in two surveys, respectively; 2) the average densities of macroinvertebrate were 1610.37 ind.﹒mv and 1671.39 ind.﹒m^-2, and the average biomass of macroinvertebrate were 11.22 g﹒m^-2 and 12.34 g﹒m^-2 in two surveys; 3) overall, the average Shannon-Wienner diversity index（H’） were 2.45 and 2.33 in two surveys, and the average Margalef diversity index（dM） were 4.01 and 3.76, and the average Pielou evenness index（J’） were 0.72 and 0.69. By comparing the average biodiversity indices between January 2013 and 2014, the habitat quality of Chinese giant salamander declined; 4) the comparison curves of the abundance and biomass in each sampling site in two surveys indicated that the river habitats quality has experienced moderately disturbances in S1-LZT and S5-BMX sampling sites, and only the sampling site S4-QYQ undisturbed; 5) non-metric multidimensional scaling（NMDS） ordination based on macroinvertebrate abundance showed the convergent between all sampling sites in 2013 was better than in 2014 under the similarity of 40%; 6) the associations between the NMDS ordination scores（axis 1 and axis 2） and environmental variables were tested by Spearman rank correlations. The results showed that environmental variables having explanation power on assemblage were river width, ammonia concentration altitude CODMn and BOD5. In summary, the relationship of macroinvertebrate composition and environmental factors showed that some streams in Reserve still have relatively favorable, habitats which could meet Chinese giant salamander needs in habitats of Giant salamander. However, some regions in this reserve have been experiencing increasing human disturbances that make the habitat fragile. Therefore, we appeal strict management and protection strategy should be taken in this region.更多还原