【作者】 施泽艺； 孙时进；

【Author】 Shi Zeyi;Sun Shijin;Department of Psychology,Fudan University;

【机构】 复旦大学心理系；

【摘要】 "失独家庭"即那些失去了独生子女的家庭,"失独者"则指的是这些家庭中的父母。有学者推算出截至2012年,中国失独家庭的数量区间在大约22万到45万之间。不同研究分别指出"失独者"存在焦虑、抑郁等症状,并且自我认知、情绪体验、社会适应等方面表现出的状态不佳,且社会支持也偏低,一些人甚至认知功能明显受损。已有不同研究发现,一个人感受到的社会支持与心理健康有着密切联系,目前也有不少的研究在探索社会支持对于失独家庭的改善作用。然而国内对"失独者"的帮扶建议大多集中在养老、医疗等物质层面,社会工作者对"失独者"的社会支持也限于家庭外。事实上,家庭内部情况比如婚姻状况也会影响一个人的社会支持网络,并且家庭内的关系会对不同人群的心理健康程度造成影响。而且根据恐惧管理理论,伴侣承诺能够减少一个人的死亡焦虑。综合前人研究,"失独者"家庭内的夫妻关系可能会影响他们的社会支持感,从而进一步影响他们的心理健康状况。本研究试图探寻"失独者"的夫妻关系对于心理健康状况的影响,以及领悟社会支持在这一关系中的中介效应。研究随机选取了常州市的199名"失独者",其中男性89名,女性107名,另有3名没有填写性别,年龄平均为60.9±8.1岁,使用自编人口学问卷、《领悟社会支持量表》以及《症状自评量表》用主观报告法,测量他们的夫妻关系、领悟社会支持以及心理健康总体程度,并探究他们之间的关系。结果发现"失独者"中SCL-90总分高于160分的人占6%。进一步对三个变量进行相关分析,结果发现夫妻关系与SCL均分之间呈现显著负相关,与领悟社会支持之间呈现显著正相关,与领悟社会支持中的家庭内支持呈现显著正相关。进一步检验领悟社会支持在夫妻关系与SCL量表均分关系中的中介效应后发现,领悟社会支持起完全中介作用。这说明夫妻关系与心理健康程度的关系是能通过领悟社会支持解释的。建议未来对"失独者"的帮扶可以集中在夫妻关系的改善上,以增强他们的社会支持感,从而进一步提高心理健康程度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Parent bereft of the only child are the one who has lost the only child.The estimated number of these families by 2012 are between 220 thousand and 450 thousand.Many researches have pointed out that these bereaved parents are suffered from anxiety,depression,poor self-cognition,social adaption and low social support.Some even have cognition dysfunction.It’s been proved that social support is related to one’s mental health status and the influence of social support on bereaved parents are being studied.However,many works and suggestion are focused on material dimension such as pension and medical issues.The help from social workers cannot reach out to the inside of the family.In fact,the internal environment of a family such as marital status can effect one’s social network.The relationship of family members will influence one’s mental health status.In addition,promise from an intimate partner will reduce death anxiety according to terror management theory.Based on these studies,this study aimed to find the effect of the conjugal relation of bereaved parent on mental health status and the mediation effect of one’s perceived social support.199 bereaved parents were chosen randomly in the city of Changzhou,Jiangsu,89 of which were male and 107 were female.Gender of three people were not recorded.The average age of the participants was 60.9 and the standard deviation of age was 8.1.Self-made questionnaires,"Perceived Social Support Scale","Symptom Checklist 90" were used to measure their couple relationship,perceived social support and general mental health status.Results found significant negative correlation between conjugal relation and SCL mean score,significant positive correlation between conjugal relation and perceived social support score.After further statistical tests,the full mediation effect of perceived social support on the relationship between conjugal relation and mental health was found.Focus on the improvement of marital relationship of bereaved parents was suggested because this could strengthen their perceived social support and further enhance their mental health.更多还原