【作者】 王勍； 俞国良； 王浩； 赵凤青；

【Author】 WANG Qing;YU GuoLiang;WANG Hao;ZHAO FengQing;Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China;Institute of Psychology,Renmin University of China;

【机构】 中国人民大学心理学系； 中国人民大学心理研究所；

【摘要】 目标是个人生活重要的组成部分。有研究认为,目标为人们有组织的调节自己的行为提供了参考标准。同时,目标是个人动力系统的重要表征,与特质和自我叙事共同构成了个体的人格体系。基于此,心理学家们围绕目标开展了许多研究,其核心问题为:人们如何实现自己的目标,目标的实现又如何影响人们的生活。自我决定论认为,人类行为的动机是为了满足自主、能力、关系三种基本心理需要,对目标的研究不仅要关注目标实现过程中的个体变量,还应重视目标内容本身。自我和谐目标指那些能够体现个体内在价值信念,满足个体基本心理需要,符合个体内在人格的目标。个体愿意为了自我和谐目标的实现付出持续、稳定的努力,自我和谐目标的实现能够给个体带来幸福感提升等一系列积极影响。研究者们应用原因知觉评定法来测量目标的自我和谐程度。自我洞察力、人格特质、社会支持与目标情境会影响自我和谐目标的选择。未来研究中,研究者应重点关注模型在不同年龄群体中的适用性、模型心理机制及影响因素的扩展、模型在不同领域的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Goals are important parts of personal life.According to some researches,goals provide the reference standards that people used to regulate their behaviors.Goals are also one of the three major aspects of personality along with traits/dispositions and self-narrative.As a result,psychologists conduct many researches around people’s goal pursuit and their central concerns are questions like "How people achieved their goals" and "How people’s life changed since their goals achieved".Self-determination theory maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence,autonomy,and relatedness.Personal goal researchers should not only focus on the individual variables of the process of goal pursuit but also the contents of goals.The selfconcordant goal are goals which represent people’s innate values,fulfillment their basic psychological needs,accordance with their implicit personality.People would like to make constant and stable efforts to pursue self-concordant goals because these goals represent their intrinsic interests and identifications.As a result,the attainment of self-concordant goals improve people’s well-being and also lead some other positive outcomes.Perceived locus of control is used for the measurement of goal self-concordance.Self-insight,personality traits,social support and the domains of goals can influence people’s selection of self-concordant goals.Future researches should focus on the model’s applicability to people at different ages,the expanding of mental mechanism and the exploration of influencing factors,the application to other domains.更多还原