【作者】 高阳； 李虹；

【Author】 GAO Yang;LI Hong;Department of Psychology,Tsinghua University;Graduate School at Schenzhen,Tsinghua University;

【机构】 清华大学心理学系； 清华大学深圳研究生院；

【摘要】 从众是危机逃生中十分普遍的现象,大量基于计算机模型的理论研究分析了影响从众行为的个体和情境因素,但没有深入探讨其中的心理机制。本研究从生态理性的角度分析了模拟火灾和真实火灾情境下的人和小鼠的从众倾向和行为。研究包括两部分,一部分是以人类为被试的模拟火灾实验,发现:(1)模拟火灾情境下的逃生决策中个体更倾向于采用从众策略;(2)启动模拟火灾情境,个体在内隐和外显层面都有更高水平的自我不确定感,在逃生决策中表现出更多的从众行为。另一部分是以小鼠为被试的真实和模拟火灾实验,实验发现:(3)通过学习降低小鼠个体的自我不确定感可以减少真实和模拟火灾情境下逃生决策中的从众行为;(4)通过遗忘提高小鼠个体的自我不确定感可以增加真实和模拟火灾情境下逃生决策中的从众行为。主要结论:情境通过自我不确定影响个体的从众行为,控制个体自我不确定感可以控制危机逃生中从众行为。从众是一种启发式策略,具有生态理性功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Conformity behavior is a phenomenon that commonly happens during escape decision making under emergency situation,which has been widely studied by previous researches using computer models.However,few of these researches dug into the psychological mechanism of the conformity behavior during escape decisions making.The present research analysis the conformity behavior of mice under real-fire and of human beings under simulated-fire situation from the view of eco-rationality,consisting of two parts.The first part study the conformity behavior of human beings under simulated-fire situation,the main findings of which are as follows:(1) Individuals exposed to a fire situation significantly prefer to following others’ behavior rather than making decisions by themselves;(2) Individuals exposed to a fire situation experienced a significantly higher level of self-uncertainty,and higher conformity tendency than did those exposed to a nonemergency situation.The second part exam how self-uncertainty affect conformity tendency of mice in escape decisions making,the results revealed that(3) Learning the escape routes result in lower the conformity tendency under real-and simulated-fire situation by reducing self-uncertainty;(4) Forgetting of the escape routes lead to higher level of self-uncertainty result in a higher conformity tendency of mice in escape decisions making.Therefore,we come to the conclusion:the self-uncertainty has a significant mediating effect in the situation and the conformity behavior during escape decisions making.It is possible to control the conformity tendency by manipulating the self-uncertainty.In conclusion,herding is a heuristic strategy that corresponds to ecological rationality.更多还原