【作者】 刘娜； 李晶；

【Author】 Liu Na;Li Jing;Nanjing Normal University Psychology Department;

【机构】 南京师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 共情是指个体感知或想象他人的情感,并部分体验到他人感受的心理过程。研究发现共情的主客体因素均影响共情,主体因素包括共情主体的年龄、人格特质、自身经历、社会地位等。Bluck等研究发现自传体记忆的分享可以提高个体的共情水平。本文尝试从主体的自身经历出发考察个体的相似经历如何影响共情水平。结合前人的研究结论以及共情的相关研究范式,设计如下两个实验:实验一通过被试口述与文本材料相似的自身经历,唤起被试的陈述性记忆。实验前通过IRI共情问卷作为前测选取共情水平差异不显著的40名大学生被试,随机分为实验组和控制组。首先在电脑屏幕上呈现描述个人痛苦经历的文本材料,要求实验组被试回忆自己经历的与此相似的某个事件并口头报告,控制组被试看完文本后完成简单的加减算术运算,控制被试对事件的思考。然后要求两组被试分别对文本中主人公的内心痛苦程度和自己感受到的痛苦程度做李克特11点评分。实验结束后每个被试完成IRI后测问卷。实验二通过行为数据和ERP脑电数据继续深入探讨相似经历分享对共情的影响。实验程序同实验一,被试通过IRI共情问卷随机分为两组,首先呈现一幅刺激疼痛图片,图片情景为铁块砸在手臂上,要求实验组被试口述自己曾经经历过的相似疼痛事件,控制组被试完成简单算术运算。之后随机呈现刺激图片,图片中铁块造成的疼痛程度分别为重度和轻微。图片呈现后要求被试评估自己感受到图片中主人公的疼痛程度和自己愿意提供帮助的程度做李克特11点计分,此实验过程同时记录EEG数据。实验预测:被试口头报告相似的自身经历能够提高被试的共情水平,实验一通过IRI共情问卷前测后测数据的比较和主观评分为此提供证据。实验二通过EEG数据和行为数据为此提供证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Empathy refers to the ability to perceive or image others’ emotion, and understanding others’ feeling. Recent surveys suggested that the factors of observer and object have a great influence on empathy. Such as the observers’ age, personality trait, self-experience, social states and so on. Bluck stated that eliciting empathy for adults in chronic pain through autobiographical memory sharing. Accordingly, our research investigated the influence on empathy by reporting similar experience. The aim of the study 1 was to elicite the autobiographical memory by asking individuals to report specific personal episodes related to the narrative. Forty participants used IRI pre-test scores on the first step to control for baseline differences in empathy and then were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. After displaying the pain-related narrative on the screen, the control condition involves sharing an related autobiographical memory of having personally been in such pain and the comparsion conditition, completing simple math problems. Then both conditions rated their perceived pain level of similarity to the narrator and their own perceived pain level on 11-point scales. In addition, each competed IRI test as a post-test. In study 2, we used event-related potentials(ERP) to further explore the influence on empathy by sharing similar experience. Procedure was identical to those in study 1, with the exception of the following modifications. We used the pain pictures as the stimuli which depicting two level painful situations that the irons hitting the hand. The pain pictures were assessed. At first, we showed the pain picture and asked the participants to report their own similar experience in the control conditon or complete math problems in the comparsion condition. We recorded ERPs as participants were viewing pictures and rating the pain level they perceived and their willingness to help on 11-point scales. We predicted that reporting one’s similar experience would increase an individual’s level of empathy. In study 1, we used the comparison of IRI pre‐test to post‐test and subjective rated data to support this and in study 2,we used the EEG data and behavior data to support this.更多还原