【作者】 寇慧； 苏艳华； 高笑； 陈红；

【Author】 Hui Kou;Yanhua Su;Xiao Gao;Hong Chen;School of Psychology,Southwest University;Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(Ministry of Education),Southwest University;

【机构】 西南大学心理学部； 认知与人格教育部重点实验室西南大学；

【摘要】 面孔吸引力在诸如求职、择偶和人际交往之类的社交生活中起着重要作用。当前,越来越多的中国人通过整形手术来改善自己的工作和爱情前景,越来越多的中国人对自己的相貌不满意。当前西方和东方文化中的研究大都集中关注身体意向不满意和饮食失调,并基于个体差异发现了对身体相关刺激的视觉注意偏向。然而,相貌不满意也是身体意向不满意的子成分,但却少有研究涉及。只有一个前人研究发现了相貌不满意女性对低吸引力面孔存在记忆偏向,但却没有研究结合眼动技术考察她们对此类刺激的注意偏向。本研究旨在探讨27名高相貌不满意(HFD)女性和27名低相貌不满意(LFD)女性对有/无吸引力面孔的注意偏向。被试在完成视觉点探测任务的同时记录其眼动数据。在点探测任务中呈现的刺激对包括四类:有吸引力面孔-中性刺激、无吸引力面孔-中性刺激,有吸引力面孔-无吸引力面孔、中性刺激-中性刺激。结果发现,在有吸引力面孔-中性刺激配对和无吸引力面孔-中性刺激配对条件下,HFD女性与LFD女性相比,其首视点更多地指向面孔,探测无吸引力面孔的速度更快,并且对无吸引力面孔的首视点持续时间更长。所有被试对有吸引力面孔的总注视时间都长于对无吸引力面孔的总注视时间。行为数据发现,HFD女性对无吸引力面孔存在注意脱离困难。在有吸引力-无吸引力面孔配对条件下,与无吸引力面孔相比,所有被试对有吸引力面孔的总体注视时间也更长,并且行为数据也发现,两组被试都对有吸引力面孔存在注意脱离困难。总之,HFD女性对无吸引力面孔存在首视点定向偏向,加速探测偏向和首视点注视持续时间偏向,表明了警觉-最初维持的注意模式。更有趣的是,在所有条件下,所有被试都存在对有吸引力面孔的总体注意维持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Facial attractiveness plays a central role in social activities, such as job hunting, mate choice, and interpersonal communication. Nowadays, an increasing number of Chinese undergo cosmetic surgeries to improve their prospects in workplace and love. It seems that more and more Chinese are dissatisfied with their faces. At present, a large number of studies almost exclusively focused on body image dissatisfaction and eating disturbance, which revealed visual attention biases toward body-related stimulus based on sample differences in reaction time(RT), whether in western culture or in Eastern culture. However, so far little researches had investigated facial dissatisfaction, although it was also an important sub-component of body image dissatisfaction. A previous research suggested that face dissatisfied women showed a memory bias for unattractive faces, but little was known about their attentional biases towards such stimulus. By tracking eye-movemen. The present study examined attentional biases towards attractive and unattractive faces among 27 women with high face dissatisfaction(HFD) and 27 women with low face dissatisfaction(LFD). Eye movements were recorded while participants completed a visual dot-probe task, in which stimulus included attractive-neutral picture pairs(A-N), unattractive-neutral picture pairs(U-N), attractive-unattractive picture pairs(A-U) and neutral-neural picture pairs. Under the condition of attractiveness-neutral and unattractiveness-neutral face pairs, compared to LFD women, HFD women directed their first fixations more often towards faces, detected unattractive faces more quickly, and had longer first fixation duration on such faces. All participants had longer overall gaze duration on attractive faces than that on unattractive ones. Our behavioral data revealed that HFD women had difficulty in disengaging their attention from unattractive faces. Besides, in unattractiveness-attractiveness face pairs condition, all participants had longer overall gaze duration on attractive faces than that on unattractive faces, while behavioral data revealed that both groups had difficulty in attention disengagement from attractive faces. In sum, HFD women had orienting bias, speeded detection bias, and initial fixation duration bias towards unattractive faces, indicating a vigilance-initial maintenance pattern of attention. More interestingly, all participants had overall attention maintenance to attractive faces across three conditions.更多还原