【作者】 杨晓辉； 朱莉琪；

【Author】 Xiaohui Yang;Liqi Zhu;Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;School of psychology,Shaanxi Normal University;

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所； 陕西师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 国外众多研究表明早期电视暴露对幼儿注意发展的不良影响,注意系统是幼儿执行功能发展的重要基础。执行功能(executive function,EF)是一种复杂的认知调节系统功能,是与个体认知和社会性发展密切相关的一种重要能力,幼儿期是执行功能发展的重要阶段。本研究目的在于探索电视观看与学前幼儿执行功能的关系。研究通过对120名3-6岁幼儿的执行功能进行测查,使用工作记忆任务、抑制控制任务和认知灵活性任务综合考察幼儿执行功能的情况。并使用父母报告的方式获得儿童日常电视观看的情况,包括每天观看电视节目的时间、开始看电视的年龄、观看节目频道情况、观看动画节目情况等。研究同时控制儿童语言和智力发展的水平,使用瑞文推理测验和皮博迪图片词汇测验测量儿童的智力和语言发展水平。结果表明:在控制了家庭情况以及儿童语言、智力和年龄等因素之后,电视的日常使用时间与幼儿执行功能的发展具有正向的关联。另外,媒体内容也会对执行功能具有重要影响,表现为:儿童频道以及教育类的节目对儿童执行功能的发展具有正向的关联。本研究结果发现日常电视节目的适当观看与幼儿执行功能发展的积极联系,并且这种正向的关系是基于一定使用时间和使用内容的限制之上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Researchers have found that early exposure to certain types of television is related to attention difficulties. Central attention system is important fundamental of Executive function. Executive function(EF) refers to a family of top-down mental processes. EF is adaptive, goal-directed behavior that enables individuals to override more automatic or established thoughts and responses. EF is skill essential for cognitive, social, and psychological development. The first 5 years of life play a critical role in the development of executive function. This study investigated the relations between television exposure during the preschool years and the development of executive function(EF). Data were gathered from 120 parents of preschoolers who provided information on children’s television viewing, exposure to specific televised content, and the age at which children began watching television. Preschoolers’ EF was assessed via one-on-one interviews. Working memory tasks, inhibition tasks and tasks to assess cognitive flexibility were used to assess the development of EF. Chinese combined Raven’s Test and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were used to assess the development of intelligence and vocabulary of preschoolers. The results showed that both the television exposure time and television content were important to understand the effect of television on executive function. Specifically, the time spent on television viewing was significantly positively related to EF. In addition, Children’s channel viewing and educational programs were significantly positively related to EF. The present study showed a positive relation between television viewing and executive function in preschool children, and the positive relation was within viewing limits and media contents.更多还原