【作者】 李文馥；

【Author】 Liwenfu;Institute of psychology,CAS;

【机构】 Institute of psychology,CAS；

【摘要】 放眼未来,从娃娃抓起,为我国培养自主创新型人才奠定良好基础。一、目的:研究出一条适于我国教育环境下儿童自主创新教育新途径;探索儿童自主创新教育关键环节机理。二、方法:研究3~6、7岁儿童;用生态式融合教育方法,依据创新生态系统模型,采取主题综合教育活动方案;将儿童创造力、儿童艺术、儿童心理发展和学前教育各学科交叉;将学前教育各领域内容综融;将教育实践与理论研究结合;纵向跟踪研究与横向比较研究配合。在幼儿园设实验班,3~6岁为一轮进行纵向跟踪教育实验,每一轮3~5年;开始试作探索性研究,继而申请了国家规划课题,其后作验证性应用研究;与此同时进行理论依据探讨。迄今,此项目延续30年。三、内容与结果:以"另类思维"为指导思想;这与相同答案一个思想的同一性教育相左,着重培养质疑精神和想象力。利"重器",突破关键技术;研究儿童画的自主创新教育功能,提出了"儿童自主性绘画"新概念,以其作为主导的技术范式;教育实践证明,这是儿童早期自主创新教育的一个最佳载体。为摆脱模仿示范画教学的路径依赖,提出认知和技能相结合的"智力技能"概念,教学应用效果颇佳。分析儿童画,聆听儿童的"画意性语言",以解读隐蔽在画面背后的奇妙意境。欲"善事",借助哲学敞亮创新"黑箱"一隅;想象是创新的灵魂,是儿童自主创新教育的关键环节,深入理解想象的功能特性和机理是多年难解的困惑。现当代一哲学派主张"人与世界万物交融合一",提出任何在场东西的背后都隐蔽着无穷无尽的不在场东西,要显示一存在物的内涵与意蕴,关键在于想象;新艺术哲学转向为不出场事物在出场事物中的显现,艺术品背后的不在场性就是想象的驰骋空间;幼童哲学的"物活论"、"泛灵论"的隐蔽性靠想象升华为创新。三种哲学均指向创新黑箱之神秘。促进儿童认知发展进程:各轮实验均作多项认知测查,实验班成绩都显著高于同龄对比班。研究结果编、著在《儿童自主性绘画教育》等三部书中,以及发表在《国家创新战略》等书和论文中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Looking ahead, it starts with children, so as to lay a good foundation for cultivating new independent innovation type talents. Ⅰ. The Purpose: is to develop a new way suitable for children’s independent innovation education under China’s education environment; and explore the key link mechanism of children’s independent innovation education. Ⅱ. The method: a study of children aged 3 to 6,and 7 has been made; using the education method of ecological fusion, based on innovation ecosystem models, adopt the scheme of the theme integrated education activities; make an intersection of the various disciplines of the children’s creativity, children’s art, children’s psychological development and pre-school education; make an integration and fusion of the contents of all fields pre-school education; make a combination of educational practice with theoretical research; and make a coordination of longitudinal follow-up study with the horizontal comparison study. The experimental classes have been set up in a kindergarten, with 3-6 years old taken as a round to make a longitudinal follow-up educational experiment, and 3 to 5 years for each round; try to make exploratory test for the start of the study, and then apply for a national planning topic, and thereafter make an applied research for verification; and at the same time explore the theory basis. So far, the project has lasted for 30 years. Ⅲ. The contents and results: "Alternative thinking" has been taken as the guiding ideology; this is different from the identity education of an idea with the same answer, with emphasis on cultivating questioning spirit and imagination. "Great minds " have been facilitated, to breakthrough key technologies; due to the study of the independent innovation education function of children’s paintings, a new concept of "Children ’s independent painting," is proposed, with this new concept as the dominant technological paradigm; educational practice has proved that this is one of the best carriers for the early childhood independent education innovation. To get rid of the dependence of path of imitating demonstration painting teaching, the concept of "intellectual skills" with the combination of the cognition and skill has been proposed, and the teaching application result is quite good. Analyzing children’s drawings, listening to the children’s "pictorial language", the wonderful mood hidden behind the picture screen can be interpreted. Intending to "do things well", it is necessary to have the aid of one corner of the bright and innovative "black box" of philosophy; imagination is the soul of innovation, and is the key link for children’s independent education, so it is a puzzling state for many years hard to deeply understand imaginative function features and mechanism. Nowadays, a contemporary philosophy school advocates "human beings and all things of the world are blended together," proposing that behind anything on the spot there are hidden endless things not present, to display the connotation and implication of an existence, the key lies in the imagination. The new art philosophy has turned to be things not on the spot shown in the appearing things, and the absence nature behind the artwork is namely the free space of imagination. The concealment of children’s "hylozoism " of philosophy and "animism" are distillated to innovation by the imagination. The three philosophies point together to the mystery of the black box of innovation. The development process of children’s cognition has been promoted: many cognition measurements have been made in each round of experiments, and the marks of experimental classes were significantly higher than those of the control classes. The research results have been compiled, and written in the three books, such as The Children’s Independent Painting Education, and published in The National Innovation Strategy and other books and papers.更多还原