【作者】 于淼； 许燕；

【Author】 Yu Miao;Xu Yan;Department of Psychology,Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 个人早期事件对人格的影响,历来为人格心理学家们所重视。俗语"三岁看大,七岁看老"阐释的正是早期事件对人格的重要影响。阿德勒认为最初的记忆可以体现个体人格的某些层面,即使最初记忆的事件是虚构的,对个体依然有重要作用。已有研究主要探讨最早记忆年龄在不同性别、年龄阶段、教育程度以及文化背景下的差异性,以及对记忆内容的一致性、流畅性和情绪体验。但对记忆内容,即记忆中的事件类型和情绪体验对个体当前人格的影响研究较少。那么,个体的早期童年记忆与其当前人格究竟存在怎样的关系呢?本研究运用质性研究与量化研究相结合的方法,分析了大学生早期童年记忆的事件类型、事件效价和事件相关的情绪体验,探索了事件类型和情绪体验与个体当前人格的关系。被试为某大学104名在校大学生。研究中,首先要求被试在15分钟内写出6岁之前对自己影响最为深刻的童年事件,内容包含事件发生的时间、地点、人物、经过以及对自己的影响;然后完成爱德华个性偏好测试以评估个体的人格特征。由两名心理学研究生对被试回忆的事件进行文本分析。结果发现,回忆事件可分为六种类型,分别是危及生命、帮助他人、获得成功、遭遇挫折、亲密他人聚离和接触新异事物;回忆事件的效价包括积极、中性和消极三种;与事件相关的情绪体验包括正性、中性和负性三种。在此基础上,采用多元线性回归和Logistic回归两种分析方法,分别考察了事件类型与情绪体验对人格类型的预测作用、人格类型对事件类型的预测作用。结果发现,事件类型与情绪体验对人格类型的预测作用并不显著,但人格类型对事件类型有一定的预测作用。该结果表明,当前的人格特质会影响个体所回忆的事件类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The personality psychologists have always attached great importance to the influence of early childhood memories on personal characteristics.As the saying goes,"see the big at three years old,look old at the age of seven",which interprets the important influence of early experience on personality.Adler suggested that the earliest memory could express some aspects of personality.Even though the incident of original memories is made-up,it also plays an important role in individual life.Previous studies mainly discuss not only the difference of earliest memories age in gender,age level,education and culture,but also the content of coherence,fluency and emotion experience.However,the research about the influence of incident typeand experience on current personality is less.Then,how is the relationship between the earliest memory and personality? The present study combines the qualitative and quantitative method to analysis the type of earliest childhood memories,the valance of incidents and the emotion experience related to the incidents in a sample of 104 undergraduates.Firstly,ask the subjects to write down his/her earliest memory which happened before six years old and played the most important role in his/her life in fifteen minutes included the incidents of time,place,people,process and impact.Then they complicated the Edward Personality Preferences Scale(EPPS) to evaluate their characteristics.Finally,two psychology graduates analysis the recall events by test analysis method.The result shows that,there are six types of incidents,respectively threat to life,help others,achievement,setback,relationships of intimacy and the contact of extraneous things.And there are three types of valance-positive,neutral and negative which is same to the types of emotion experience.Based on the results,according to the multiple linear regression and Logistic regression method,respectively examine the prediction of the type of incident and emotion experience to personality,and the forecast effects of personality for the earliest memory types.The study finds that it is not significant to predict the personality by the incident type and emotional experience.However,the personality could predict the type of incident which individual recalled.In a conclusion,individual characteristics could influence the incident types that person recall.更多还原