【作者】 刘丹丹； 赵恒春； 赵笑梅；

【Author】 Liu Dandan;Zhao Hengchun;Hebei Normal University;

【机构】 河北师范大学教育学院；

【摘要】 内隐学习诞生至今,虽然研究不断深入和发展,但也始终存在着争论。已有研究对于是否真的存在内隐学习以及内隐学习的表征及迁移过程和形式的看法尚不统一。本研究采用人工语法范式,对不同被试群体使用相同的实验材料,减小无关变量的影响程度,选取小学一二年级学生(6-8岁)、大学生(18-22岁)、老年人(55-65岁),通过三个实验依次探讨了内隐学习的产生、内隐学习的表征形式和内隐学习的迁移形式,为丰富内隐学习理论做出了一些有意义的尝试。主要得出如下几个结论:l在儿童、青年、老年三个年龄阶段都发生了内隐学习,当面对相同的材料时,虽然三年龄段成绩略有差异,但未达到显著性水平。2不同年龄段群体的内隐学习表征形式是不同的,儿童(6-8岁)主要根据刺激的表面物理特征或刺激之间的相似性进行:青年(18-22岁)主要以刺激的深层内在结构为基础,老年(55-65岁)的表征形式在依据刺激的表面相似性的同时,也以刺激的深层内在结构为基础;3不同年龄段群体的内隐学习迁移形式不同,即儿童(6-8岁)内隐学习迁移形式的基础是两三个字母组成的组块,而非字母串的潜在深层结构:青年(18-22岁)内隐学习的迁移以字母串抽象的潜在深层结构为基础,老年(55-65岁)内隐学习的迁移是抽象的深层结构和刺激材料的表面特征二者协同作用的结果;4延时迁移阶段表现出的年龄效应与即时迁移阶段是一致的,即不同年龄段的被试获得的知识是不同的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on implicit learning has continuously developed since it was born,although the arguments still exist.There has no agreement on existence of implicit learning,process and form of its representation and transfer.Using artificial grammar paradigm,this dissertation tries to decrease the effects of extraneous variable with same experimental material,the subjects are from low grade students(6-8years old) in primary school,undergraduates(18-22 years old)and old people(55-65 years old),which is to control the extraneous variable as far as possible.The three experiments demonstrate the formation,representation and transfer of implicit learning,which take same meaningful try to enrich the theory of implicit learning.This dissertation has following conclusions:1.Implicit learning produces exists in the children,young people and old people when they study the same experiment material,and there have no significant differences of the learning performance among the three age categories;2.The subjects with different age have significant differences of representation forms of knowledge in implicit learning,which embodies as follows:the children’s representation form is mainly according to the apparent physical characteristics of the stimulus or the similarity between the stimulus;and that of the old people also bases on the deep internal structure of stimulus as well as the apparent similarity of the stimulus.3.The transfer of subjects’ knowledge has two types:abstract analogy transfer and chunk information transfer,and there are significant differences among the three age categories.The children’s basis of transfer form during implicit learning is the chunk with two or three letters instead of latent deep structure of the clustering;and that of the youth bases on the abstract latent deep structure of the clustering;and that of the old people is the result of the cooperation between the abstract latent deep structure and the apparent characteristics of the stimulus material;4.The delayed transfer and the immediate transfer have same age effect,that’s tosay,the subjects with different ages acquire different knowledge.更多还原