【作者】 张洋； 李贵森；

【Author】 ZHANG Yang;LI Guisen;Capital Institute of Physical Education;China Youth University for Political Sciences;

【机构】 首都体育学院； 中国青年政治学院；

【摘要】 冥想可以产生积极的思维方法,消除负面情绪,调节神经、内分泌系统,从而起到自我修护基因的效果。瑜伽语音冥想是瑜伽的灵魂与核心,它可以帮助我们减轻日常的压力,更重要的是它能让我们摆脱最深层的焦虑和恐惧,并认知那渴望已久的内在深刻的安宁与精神快乐。高等学校培养的学生在具备健康的身体同时也应要有良好的心理素质。从理论分析瑜伽语音冥想正是一种对促进大学生心理健康应该有效的练习方法之一,本文试图运用实验方法,从数据分析上来证实瑜伽语音冥想对大学生心理健康的促进作用,为瑜伽语音冥想在我国高校的更广泛的运用提供理论支持。本文随机选取一所高等院校中2个自然班,每班均为30人,男女生各15人。并随机选取两个班中的一个班为实验组,教授实验组同学瑜伽语音冥想的基本理论知识和方法。常规体育课下课前进行10分钟的瑜伽语音冥想练习,另一个班设为对照组,常规体育课下课前进行10分钟的仰卧放松练习。通过16周的教学,期末对这两个班全部学生的心理健康状况进行测试分析,进而对瑜伽语音冥想对大学生心理健康的促进效果进行验证和分析。运用临床症状自评量表SCL—90量表——症状自评量表来评定学习并坚持练习瑜伽语音冥想一段时间前后的心理健康状况。利用SPSS11.0对实验数据进行常规统计处理,并对实验结果进行非参数检验。由实验组和对照组SCL—90量表前测的总分平均分比较可以看出,实验前两组同学的心理健康状况相接近,无显著性差异,符合进行对比实验研究的基本条件。通过实验组与对照组后测SCL-90总分平均分的比较,发现两组的总分平均分存在非常显著性差异,实验组同学的SCL-90总分平均分明显低于对照组。说明实验组同学的心理健康状况有了改善,由此可以说明,瑜伽语音冥想对提高大学生的心理健康有很好的帮助作用。通过实验前后测SCL-90各因子平均分的比较可以看出:实验组同学后测的各因子平均分与前测的各因子平均分都有不同程度的降低,尤其是在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑几方面都存在显著性差异,这表明瑜伽语音冥想练习具有促进心理健康的功能,能有效缓解大学生的一些心理疾病。通过练习在缓解身体不适感能够帮助大学生克服胆小、自卑的心理,增强大学生的自信心,并且提高他们对生活的兴趣。由此可见,在高校推广瑜伽语音冥想这古老而又神奇的练习方法具有一定的实际意义和推广价值。瑜伽语音冥想可以成为体育课必要的组成部分,因为它不受场地、时间、年龄的限制,而且掌握了瑜伽语音冥想的方法后,学生可以在课后,甚至毕业后随时进行练习,简单易行,并且效果显著。使体育课程真正成为健身健心。更多还原

【Abstract】 Meditation can produce positive thinking, eliminate negative emotion, and regulate the nervous and endocrine systems to realize the effect of genes’ self-repair. As the soul and core of yoga, Mantra Meditation can help us alleviate the daily pressure, and more importantly, help us get rid of the deepest anxiety and fear in our hearts, and perceive the inner peace and spiritual happiness that we have always been yearned for. The students trained by institutions of higher education should not only be healthy physically, but also have good psychological quality. Through theoretical analysis, Mantra Meditation is one of the effective ways for the promotion of university students’ psychological health. Using the experimental method, this paper aims to prove that Mantra Meditation is good for university students’ psychological health through data analysis, so as to provide theoretical support for its widely application in China’s universities and colleges. Two natural classes of an institution of higher education were selected randomly, each having 30 students with 15 girls and 15 boys. Then one of the two classes was chosen as the experimented group at random. The students in the experimented group were taught with thebasic theories and methods of Mantra Meditation. During the last 10 minutes of a regular PE. Class, the students in the experimented group practiced Mantra Meditation while the students in the other class, which was the control group, practiced the corpse pose. After 16 weeks of teaching and practicing, the psychological health conditions of the two groups were assessed and analyzed at the end of the term to verify and analyze the influences of Mantra Meditation on university students’ psychological health. The clinical self-reporting inventory of Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90) was used to assess the subjects’ psychological health before and after they have learned and practiced the Mantra Meditation for a period of time. SPSS 11.0 was employed to statistically process the experiment data and perform a non-parametric test about the experiment results. The average total scores of the two groups produced from the assessment conducted before the experiment using SCL-90 show that, the two groups’ students had similar psychological health conditions without significant differences and they met the basic requirements of comparative experimental research. However, the average total scores of the two groups produced from the assessment conducted after the experiment using SCL-90 show that, there exist obvious differences between the two groups, with the average total scores of the experimented group significantly lower than that of the control group. The results imply that the students’ psychological healthof the experimented group have been improved, meaning that Mantra Meditation can help improve university students’ psychological health. Comparing the average scores of each element between the assessments conducted before and after Mantra Meditation practice by the experimented group, it shows that: the average scores of each element after practicing Mantra Meditation are lower than that before, particularly in the aspects of somatization, obsession, depression and anxiety, further indicating that Mantra Meditation exercise is good for psychological health and can alleviate some psychological diseases of university students. Practicing such meditation can ease the university students’ physical discomfort on one hand, and helps them overcome cowardice and self-abasement on the other hand, enhancing their confidence and raising their interests in life. Therefore, it has certain practical significance and promotional value to popularize this old and magical exercise in universities and colleges. Considering it is out of the constraints of place, time and age, Mantra Meditation can become a necessary part of the PE. class. Moreover, being easy, simple and effective, it can be practiced by students after class and even after their graduation when they have grasped the meditation method, making the physical education truly become a class for physical exercise as well as the mind.更多还原